新兵集训应激后成长及其预测因素的纵向研究

A Longitudinal Study on Posttraumatic Growth and Its Predictive Factors of Recruits Receiving Intensive Military Training

目的:探讨新兵集训应激后成长、集体效能感的纵向发展趋势,以及集体效能感、安全感、认知偏向对新兵集训应激后成长的预测作用。方法:以新兵集训应激后成长量表(PTGI-RT)、中国军人集体效能感量表(CES-PS)、安全感量表(SQ)和正负性认知偏向量表(APNI)为研究工具,在新兵集训一个月后(T1)、两个月后(T2)、三个月后(T3)三个时间点对600名新兵进行问卷施测,用SPSS、Amos和Mplus对所得数据进行统计分析。结果:(1)新兵集训应激后成长随时间的发展呈显著的线性增长趋势;(2)新兵集体效能感随时间的发展呈显著的线性增长和二次增长趋势;(3)新兵集训应激后成长与集体效能感之间呈"互惠"的动态相互预测关系。(4)新兵人际安全感、确定控制感、正性认知偏向水平显著正向预测集训应激后成长的初始水平;新兵人际安全感、正性认知偏向水平显著负向预测集训应激后成长的发展速度。结论:新兵集训应激后成长随时间的发展呈线性增长趋势,集体效能感、安全感和正性认知偏向是预测新兵集训应激后成长发生的重要环境、特质和认知变量。

Objective:To explore the longitudinal development trend of recruits’posttraumatic growth(PTG)and collective efficacy after intensive military training,as well as the predictive effect of collective efficacy,psychological security and attention bias on recruits’PTG.Methods:Using Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Recruits Training(PTGI-RT),The PLA Male Soldier’s Collective Efficacy Scale(CES-PS),The Security Questionnaire(SQ)and The Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale(APNI)as measurement tools,600 recruits were tested with questionnaires at three time points:one month after the training(T1),two months after the training(T2)and three months after the training(T3).SPSS,Amos and Mplus were used for statistical analysis.Results:(1)From T1 to T3,the level of recruits’PTG showed a significant linear increase over time.(2)From T1 to T3,the level of recruits’collective efficacy showed a significant linear increase and secondary increase over time.(3)The relationship between recruits’PTG and collective efficacy was a“reciprocal”dynamic mutual prediction.(4)The level of recruits’interpersonal security,certainty in control and attention to positive information significantly positively predicted the initial level of PTG.Meanwhile,the level of interpersonal security and attention to positive information significantly negatively predicted the development speed of PTG.Conclusion:Recruits’PTG showed a significant linear increase over time.Collective efficacy,psychological security and attention bias are important factors to predict recruits’PTG in particular.