灵活化还是不稳定化?--以零工经济为中心的考察

Flexibility or Instability?An Investigation Centered on Gig Economy

新技术的发展和劳资关系的演变带来了用工方式在全球范围内的转变。就生产关系来说,新出现的零工经济用工方式实质上是计件工资制的回归,另外,这种用工方式也强化了资本对劳动的宰制,实现的是资本对劳动剥削的灵活化。本文认为,这种转变并非技术发展的必然结果,而是全球新自由主义崛起和雇佣关系不稳定化与非正规化的政治/经济后果。这种后果造就了在经济和心理上都没有安稳感的劳动者,对社会造成了重大负面影响。零工经济用工方式并非就业的未来,应该通过有组织的行动来扭转这种不稳定化趋势,让劳动者在享受稳定保障的前提下,去选择更为灵活的工作安排。

New technologies and the evolution of labor-capital relations have brought about changes in employment pattern on a global scale.In terms of the relation of production,the employment pattern of newly emerging gig economy is essentially the return of the piece-rate wage system.In addition,this employment pattern also strengthens capital's control over labor and realizes the flexibility of exploitation of labor by capital.This paper argues that this transformation is not the inevitable result of technological development,but the political-economic consequence of the rise of global neo-liberalism,instability and informality of employment relations.The consequence is that laborers have no sense of economic and psychological security,which has a major negative impact on society.The employment mode of gig economy is not the future of employment.Organized actions should be taken to reverse this trend of instability,allowing workers to choose more flexible work arrangements while enjoying economic and psychological security.