贵州某环境污染区人群镉暴露水平分析

Cadmium exposure of residents in a polluted area in Guizhou Province,China

目的了解贵州某镉污染区农作物污染状况及人群镉暴露水平。方法通过随机抽样方法获得调查人群(1349人),采用三日询问法获得人群膳食消费量,原子吸收法测定膳食镉含量,电感耦合等离子质谱检测尿镉用于内暴露评估。结果采集粮食样品957份。完成186人的膳食调查和1349人尿样筛查。污染区玉米、土豆及青菜的镉含量超过食物中镉限量值,青菜镉含量(均值0.2 mg/kg)高于其他食物,青菜镉的贡献达50.8%。污染区90%以上人群膳食镉暴露超标,90%以上人群尿镉超过2μg/g·Cr,70%以上人群尿镉超过5μg/g·Cr,10%左右人群尿镉超过15μg/g·Cr。结论膳食中镉主要来源为青菜,防止通过农作物—人食物链的人体镉暴露,建议定期开展健康筛查。

Objective To investigate the cadmium(Cd)concentration in crops and the Cd exposure level of population in a cadmium-polluted area in Guizhou Province,China.Methods The subjects(1349 residents)were selected by random sampling from the local residents.A three-day survey was conducted to obtain dietary consumption.Dietary Cd content was measured by AAS,and ICP/MS was used to determine Cd in urine for estimation of internal exposure.Results A total of 957 crop samples were collected,dietary survey was carried out for 186 residents,and testing of urine samples was conducted in 1349 residents.The Cd content in corn,potato and rape exceeded the maximum permissible limits of food.The content of Cd in rape(mean 0.2 mg/kg)was higher than that in other foods and accounted for 50.8%of dietary Cd exposure.More than 90%of the population in the polluted area had dietary Cd exposure above the permissible limit,with a urinary Cd level of>2μg/g in more than 90%of the population,>5μg/g in more than 70%of the population,and>15μg/g in around 10%of the population.Conclusion The main dietary source of Cd is from rape and regular health screening is recommended to prevent Cd exposure from the food chain.