中国中老年人跌倒现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis of the status quo of falls in the middle-aged and elderly people in China and its influencing factors

目的了解我国中老年人跌倒现状并分析其影响因素,为预防中老年人跌倒提供参考。方法采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)第4次全国追访数据(2018年)。分析跌倒发生率(跌倒、严重跌倒、髋骨骨折)与生理因素(身体功能障碍、下肢力量、身体疼痛)、病理因素(听力、视力、精神健康)和人口学特征的关系。使用χ^(2)检验、多因素logistic回归等统计方法对数据进行分析。结果我国中老年人跌倒、严重跌倒、髋骨骨折的发生率分别为19.05%、7.86%、1.06%。呈现女性高于男性,居住在农村高于城市,婚姻状况不佳群体高于婚姻状况良好群体,随年龄增长而升高等特点。身体功能障碍、下肢力量弱、身体疼痛、视力损失、听力损失和抑郁都是中老年人跌倒的危险因素。结论加强运动锻炼、提高心理健康水平、积极面对视力听力下降问题,以期减少跌倒发生并减轻跌倒后果。

Objective To investigate the incidence of falls and explore the associated risk factors in middle-aged and elderly people.Methods The study used data from the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)Wave 4 in 2018.Statistical description,chi-square test and logistic regression were used for analysis.Results The incidence of falls,serious falls and hip fractures among the elderly people in China was 19.05%,7.86%and 1.06%,respectively.Physical dysfunction(ADL loss),decreased walking ability,increased physical pain,hearing impairment,visual impairment,depression,female gender,advanced age,and poor marital status were all risk factors of falls.Conclusion In order to reduce the incidence of falls and reduce the consequences of falls,the elderly people should strengthen exercise,improve mental health,and actively cope with the problem of vision and hearing loss.