寒冷地区绿化指标对住区室外舒适度的多途径调控分析——以郑州市为例

Multiple pathways regulation analysis of greenery index on outdoor comfort of residential areas in cold regions:a case study of Zhengzhou City

【目的】城市环境与人群舒适度正逐渐受到关注,高质量的城市住区绿化可以改善微气候,提高空间使用率。本研究旨在探究绿化对人体舒适度影响的潜在机制与调控途径,明晰绿化指标之间的差异,为寒冷地区居住区规划设计提出相应的绿化配置策略。【方法】选取寒冷地区城市郑州的3个典型住区作为研究样本,进行冬季住区微气候实测及舒适度调查,通过回归分析,明确绿视率、植物视图因子两种绿化指标与舒适度的定量关系,厘清绿化对微气候环境舒适度的调控机制,并利用中介效应分析揭示二者作用途径的差异。【结果】回归分析结果表明,绿视率、植物视图因子与舒适度评价呈显著负相关(b=-0.181,P<0.01)、(b=-0.202,P<0.01),且绿化指标对舒适度存在直接和间接两种影响;两种绿化指标与风速呈显著负相关,与其他热环境因子皆显著正相关;舒适度与风速评价呈现显著正相关,与其他热环境因子负相关关系显著。通过中介效应分析表明,绿视率主要通过76.7%的间接影响和23.3%的直接影响共同调控舒适度,植物视图因子则主要通过87.9%的间接影响调控舒适度,直接影响效应不显著。【结论】两种绿化指标是从不同的角度来表征绿化结构,在评价人群与空间偏好的环境绿化设计中宜采用绿视率作为指标,而对于微气候适应性研究则更适合采用植物视图因子。

【Objective】There has been increasing attention on the urban environment and the comfort of urban residents.High-quality urban residential greening can improve the microclimate and increase the utilization rate of space.This study explores the potential mechanism and regulatory approaches of greening on human comfort,clarifies differences between greenery indices,and proposes corresponding greening allocation strategies for residential planning and design in cold regions.【Method】The research area selected was the district of Zhengzhou,China.The microclimate of three typical residential areas in winter were measured,and a comfort survey was carried out.Through regression analysis,the quantitative relationship between two greenery indices(i.e.,green view index and tree view factor)and comfort was established.This relationship clarifies the regulatory mechanism of greening on the microclimate and environmental comfort,the intermediary effect difference analysis was used to reveal the effect of the two ways.【Result】The regression analysis results showed that the green view index and tree view factor were significantly negatively correlated with comfort evaluation(b=-0.181,P<0.01)and(b=-0.202,P<0.01);the greenery indices had direct and indirect effects on comfort evaluation.There was a significant negative correlation between the two greenery indices and wind speed,and a significant positive correlation with other thermal environmental factors.Comfort had a significant positive correlation with wind speed evaluation and a significant negative correlation with other thermal environmental factors.Mediating effect analysis showed that the green view index mainly had an indirect effect of 76.7%and a direct effect of 23.3%,while the tree view factor mainly had an indirect effect of 87.9%,and its direct effect was not significant(P=0.3953).【Conclusion】The two types of greenery indices represent greening structures from different perspectives.In the design and evaluation of greening spaces based on population and spatial preferences,the green view factor should be used as an indicator,while the tree view factor is more suitable to study microclimate adaptability.