轮胎式轨道交通车辆动力学研究现状与挑战

Research on dynamics of rail transit vehicle with tire running gears: state-of-arts and challenges

总结了几种典型轮胎式轨道交通车辆动力学问题的研究现状,包括跨坐式单轨车辆、悬挂式单轨车辆、胶轮路轨车辆、胶轮有轨电车和虚拟轨道车辆,探讨了轮胎式轨道交通车辆动力学未来的研究内容。研究结果表明:跨坐式单轨车辆动力学研究集中于抗侧倾稳定性、曲线通过性能和车-桥耦合振动,根据跨坐式单轨车辆抗侧倾稳定性变化规律提出的临界侧滚角理论阐明了稳定轮和导向轮预压力的设置原则,给出了稳定轮和导向轮预压力与运行舒适度、曲线限速之间的联系,跨坐式单轨车辆提速的关键是开发性能更优的轮胎,并控制由于运行速度提高所引起的振动恶化;悬挂式单轨车辆动力学研究集中于车辆运行性能和车-桥耦合振动,其倾摆特性和横风引起的倾摆稳定性是悬挂式单轨车辆的特有动力学问题,由于车-桥耦合振动引起的钢质轨道梁低频噪声是有待研究的问题;胶轮路轨车辆在国内的研究刚刚起步,现阶段的主要问题是改善车辆的横向平稳性;胶轮有轨电车动力学研究集中于车辆运行性能和导向轮/轨关系,研究难点在于阐明其导向稳定性的机理和影响因素;作为一种新型轨道交通车辆,虚拟轨道车辆提出了许多新的动力学研究问题,包括循迹控制、机械架构与循迹控制策略的匹配性、纵向力分配、分布式驱动等,或将成为轮胎式轨道交通车辆动力学研究的新热点。

The current research progress on the dynamics of several typical rail transit vehicles with tire running gears was summarized, including straddle monorail vehicle, suspended monorail vehicle, rubber-tired track vehicle, rubber-tired tram and virtual rail vehicle. The possible research directions of future dynamics of vehicles were discussed. Research results show that the dynamics research of straddle monorail vehicles has previously focused on anti-roll stability, curving performance, and vehicle-bridge coupling vibration. The critical roll angle theory proposed according to the variation in the anti-roll stability of straddle monorail vehicles expounds the setting principles of the preloadings of stabilizers and guiding wheels, and gives the relationships of the preloadings of stabilizer and guiding wheel with running comfort and curve speed limit. The primary means increasing the speed of straddle monorail vehicle is to develop the tires with better performance and to control the vibration deterioration caused by the increase in the running speed. The studies on the dynamics of suspended monorail vehicles emphasize on the running performance and vehicle-bridge coupling vibration. The tilting characteristics and tilting stability caused by the crosswind are the unique dynamics problems of suspended monorail vehicles. The low-frequency noise of steel track beam caused by the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration remains a problem to be solved. The dynamics research on rubber-tired track vehicles has just begun in China, and the primary issue is improving the lateral ride quality of vehicles. The dynamics research of rubber-tired trams is focused on vehicle running performance and the relationship between guiding wheels and rails. Clarifying the mechanisms and influencing factors of guiding stability is difficult. As a new type of rail transit vehicle, virtual rail vehicles face many new dynamics problems, including tracking control, compatibility between mechanical structure and tracking control strategy, longitudinal force distributions, and distributed drive. Virtual rail vehicles may become a new hotspot in dynamics research of rail transit vehicles with tire running gears.