论生态学马克思主义的生态批判理论及其当代价值

On the ecological critical theory of ecological Marxism and its contemporary value

生态学马克思主义的生态批判理论的逻辑起点是通过对资本追求利润本性和资本运行逻辑与生态危机关系的分析,指出了资本主义生产方式及其支配的全球权力体系是造成生态问题的根本原因,主张在资本主义制度和价值观指导下的技术使用必然会导致人与人、人与自然关系的异化和生态危机,资本物欲至上和消费主义价值观会进一步强化生态危机。只有构建以反对资本逻辑为宗旨的生态社会主义社会,才能彻底解决生态危机。生态社会主义社会要求通过劳动创造幸福观和新型的人类中心主义或生态中心主义价值观,克服消费主义生存方式及其意识形态,构成了生态学马克思主义生态批判理论的完整内容。生态学马克思主义的生态批判理论在理论基础、理论的价值立场和价值归宿以及如何看待技术进步、经济增长与解决生态危机的关系问题上,同"深绿"思潮和"浅绿"思潮存在着根本区别。他们分别代表了以抽象的伦理生态共同体思想还是以历史唯物主义共同体思想为指导、维护资本的利益还是反对资本和维护人民群众的利益、把经济增长与解决生态危机和生态文明建设对立起来还是把它们统一起来的两种类型的生态文明理论。生态学马克思主义的生态批判理论的价值和意义在于:中国形态的生态文明理论建构必须坚持历史唯物主义的生态共同体思想,摆脱具有浓厚的以资本与西方为中心的价值立场的西方生态文明理论的束缚,坚持把维护包括中国在内的发展中国家的发展权和以人民为中心的发展思想有机结合起来,最终实现技术运用、经济发展与生态文明建设的有机统一。

The logical starting point of Ecological Critical Theory of ecological Marxism is to point out that the capitalist mode of production and its global power system are the root causes of ecological problems through the analysis of the nature of capital’s pursuit of profit,the logic of capital operation and the relationship between ecological crisis.It advocates that the use of technology under the guidance of capitalist system and values will inevitably lead to people The alienation of the relationship between man and nature and the ecological crisis,the supremacy of capital and material desire and the values of consumerism will further strengthen the ecological crisis.Only by building an ecological socialist society aiming at opposing capital logic can we completely solve the ecological cultural crisis.Ecological socialist society requires the creation of happiness through labor and new anthropocentrism or ecocentrism values to overcome the way of existence and ideology of consumerism,which constitutes the complete content of Ecological Marxist ecological critical theory.The ecological critical theory of ecological Marxism is fundamentally different from the“dark green”and the“light green”trends of thought in terms of theoretical basis,theoretical value position and value destination,and how to treat the relationship between technological progress,economic growth and solving ecological crisis.They represent two types of ecological civilization theories.One is the abstract ethical ecological community thought,the other is the community thought based on historical materialism;One is to safeguard the interests of capital,the other is to oppose capital and safeguard the interests of the people;One is to insist on the opposition between the application of technology and economic growth and the solution of ecological crisis and the construction of ecological civilization,and the other is to unify them.The value and significance of Ecological Critical Theory of ecological Marxism lies in that the theoretical construction of ecological civilization in Chinese form must adhere to the ecological community thought of historical materialism and get rid of the shackles of western ecological civilization theory with a strong value position centered on capital and the West,Adhere to the organic combination of safeguarding the right to development of developing countries,including China,and the people-centered development idea,and finally realize the organic unity of technology application,economic development and ecological civilization construction.