基于细胞自噬理论探析胃癌的中医药防治机制

Study on TCM Prevention and Treatment Mechanism of Gastric Cancer Based on Autophagy Theory

胃癌是指发生在胃上皮组织的恶性肿瘤,临床难以治愈,预后较差,发病率和致死率常年居高不下。近年来,通过调控细胞自噬防治胃癌成为研究的热点。自噬是指细胞利用溶酶体消化降解自噬体中多余或受损的胞质、蛋白及细胞器,以实现细胞成分再循环使用的过程。低水平自噬对癌细胞有杀伤作用,当处于应激状况下可促进癌细胞增殖,因此自噬被喻为一把"双刃剑",在癌症的发生、发展、转移等方面发挥着重要作用。越来越多研究表明,中医药宏观上可针对胃癌病机辨证论治,微观上可通过干预自噬相关基因、信号通路及蛋白活性,进而调控胃癌细胞的自噬过程,有效发挥抗癌作用。以细胞自噬为切入点,探析中医药通过调控自噬对胃癌细胞的影响和作用,以期对胃癌的临床防治提供参考。

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor occurring in gastric epithelial tissue. It is clinically difficult to cure and has a poor prognosis. The morbidity and fatality rate remain high all year round. In recent years, the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer by regulating autophagy has become a research hotspot. Autophagy refers to the process of digestion and degradation of excess or damaged cytoplasm, proteins and organelles in autophagosomes by lysosomes in order to realize the recycling of cellular components. Low-level autophagy has a killing effect on cancer cells and can promote the proliferation of cancer cells under stress conditions. Therefore, autophagy has been described as a "double-edged sword" and plays an important role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer. More and more studies have shown that TCM can treat gastric cancer based on pathogenesis differentiation at the macro level, and regulate the autophagy process of gastric cancer cells by interfering with autophagy-related genes, signaling pathways and protein activity at the micro level, and thus effectively playing an anticancer role. This paper took autophagy as the entry point to explore the influence and effect of traditional Chinese medicine on gastric cancer cells through regulating autophagy, in order to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.