感知他者中的生命——早期黑格尔论爱

To Sense What Is Living in the Other——Hegel′s Early Love

黑格尔在《爱》中区分了两种爱的模式。宗教之爱以个体和对象世界的分离为基础,有限的个体需要否定对象的物质性,才能追求无限的生命,从而与宗教共同体相统一。因此,作为个体活着的条件,死去的物质维系着爱,这使个体陷入自我憎恶与活在死亡中的痛苦。与此不同,在真正的爱中,通过个体的离身之爱,两个人可以活生生地结合,使生命本身成为主体。因此,爱就是在他者中感知生命。然而,活生生的结合也无法完全克服个体之间的差异,这会导致一个人攻击所爱的他者,将爱转变为无法绝对同化他者的愤慨与暴怒。《体系残篇》提供了一种解决方案,即舞蹈。在这种审美形式中,个体能在无法克服物质性的同时,对丧失的对象表示哀悼,以此维系爱中的生命,将爱转变为巴特勒所谓的忧郁。

Hegel distinguished two modes of love in the″Love″essay.Religious love is based on a separation between the individual and the object world.Under this kind of love,the finite individual who needs to pursue infinite life should negate the object′s materiality.By doing so,the individual unifies with his/her religious community.As a living condition of individuals,the dead matter could sustain love,which plunges the individual into self-hatred and anguish of living in death.However,true love transcends a singular perspective.Through disembodied love of individuals,the couple becomes a living union,and life itself becomes a subject.Therefore,love is to sense what is living in the other.But the living union cannot fully overcome the difference between individuals,which leads to a strike at the other whom one loves,and turns love into indignation and rage without absolutely assimilating the other.″Fragment of a System″offers one solution,namely,dance.In this aesthetic form,the individual who is unable to overcome materiality can mourn for the lost object,sustain what is living in love,and shift love into melancholy in Butler′s sense.