移樽施教:伍廷芳与20世纪初美国“门罗主义”的再定位

Active Consultation:Wu Tingfang and the Repositioning of American“Monroe Doctrine”in the Early 20th Century

1900年中国驻美公使伍廷芳在演讲中提出,应将美国的"门罗主义"适用范围扩展至菲律宾乃至亚洲。此议不经意间介入了美国在赢得美西战争后关于如何重新定位"门罗主义"的辩论,引发了美国主流舆论界的广泛关注。伍廷芳的提议是其"均势外交"思维方式的运用,其立场和思维方式与梁启超、孙中山等受到日本"亚洲主义"影响的旅日精英存在显著差异。对比伍廷芳与美国论者对"门罗主义"的再定位,有助于理解20世纪初中美两国在国际秩序中的地位和互动方式,丰富既有的对于"门罗主义"全球传播史的研究。

In 1900,Wu Tingfang,Chinese Minister to the United States,proposed in his speech that the scope of application of the"Monroe Doctrine"of the United States should be extended to the Philippines and even Asia.This argument inadvertently intervened in the debate on how to reposition"Monroe Doctrine"after the United States won the Spanish American war,and aroused widespread concern in the mainstream media of the United States.Wu Tingfang's proposal is the application of his thought of"balance of power diplomacy",and his position and mode of thinking are significantly different from Liang Qichao,Sun Yat-sen and other elites in Japan affected by Japan's"Asianism".