2021年天文学热点回眸

Top astronomy events in 2021

回顾了2021年天文学领域取得的重大进展,盘点了一系列重大的成果和事件:在火星探测方面,多国探测器相继抵达火星并开展科学研究,“洞察号”首次揭秘火星内部构造;中国高海拔宇宙线观测站(LHAASO)观测到1.4 PeV能量的光子;“悟空号”取得氦核70 GeV至80TeV能段的精确能谱;冰立方中微子天文台(IceCube)捕捉到与潮汐瓦解事件相关的中微子并探测到格拉肖共振事件的粒子簇射;科学家发现宇宙早期暗能量存在的迹象;发布“嫦娥五号”月球样本的最新研究成果;在青海冷湖地区发现世界级光学台址,改善了目前国际所有优良光学天文观测台都位于西半球的局面;首次探测到明确来自黑洞-中子星并合的引力波;发现部分快速射电暴可能起源于磁陀星的观测证据,500m口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)对FRB121102进行了深入研究;在黑洞研究方面,科学家为超大质量黑洞提供了一种新的质量测量手段,事件视界望远镜(EHT)发布了M87黑洞偏振图像;在空间天文学方面,韦布空间望远镜发射成功,中国首颗太阳探测科学技术试验卫星“羲和”飞向太阳等。

This paper reviews the important progress made in the field of astronomy in 2021,including a series of significant achievements and events,as listed below:probes from various countries arrived on Mars and carried out scientific research;the Insight revealed the interior structure of Mars for the first time;LHAASO observed photons of 1.4 PeV;DAMPE obtained precise energy spectrum covering the energy range 70 GeV to 80 TeV of helium nucleus;IceCube captured neutrino from a tidal disruption event and a particle shower at the Glashow resonance.Astronomers also found the evidence of dark energy existence in the early time of the Universe,released the latest research results of the chang'e--5 samples,found an astronomical optical observing site in Lenghu,which was the best in China,detected the gravitational wave definitely from the neutron-black hole coalescence for the first time,discovered the observational evidence showing some fast radio bursts originated from a magnetar,studied a fast radio burst comprehensively with the help of FAST telescope,proposed a novel method to obtain the mass of a black hole,published the polarized image of black hole M87*.In addition,James Webb Space Telescope was launched,and Chinese Xihe solar satellite was successfully launched as well.