2021年人类微生物组研究热点回眸

Review of hot topics of human microbiome in 2021

人类微生物组(human microbiome)指生活在人体上的互生、共生和致病的所有微生物及其遗传物质的总和。近年来,人类微生物组研究加速推进,研究内容愈加广泛和深入,其科学意义愈加凸显,被视作“人体的另一个器官”。从人类微生物组的组成和分布特征、在全生命周期中的作用、与疾病发生发展的关系、对营养代谢和药物功能的影响、基于微生物组重构的疗法开发等方面回顾了2021年人类微生物组研究领域的热点进展。

The human microbiome refers to the sum of all microorganisms and their genetic materials that live on the human body and are mutual,symbiotic and disease--causing.In recent years,research on the human microbiome has accelerated,and the content of it has become more extensive and in-depth.As its scientific significance becomes more prominent,human microbiome is even regarded as"another organ of the human body".In addition,the research has also provided new perspectives for disease treatment and nutritional intervention,and human microbiome becomes another growth point for pharmaceutical and food industries.This article reviews the progress of human microbiome research in 2021 from aspects of composition and distribution characteristics of human microbiome,role in full life cycle,relationship with disease occurrence and development,influence on nutrition metabolism and drug function,as well as the development of reconstruction therapy.