航天器变构型模块化可维修技术

Morphing Modular Maintainability Technology of Spacecraft

现有可维修航天器为实现可维修能力代价大,且技术发展途径不清晰,难以推广应用。本文在对国外可维修航天器技术特点分析的基础上,从可维修体系架构、可更换功能模块体系和即插即用接口体系3方面,提出了一种可维修航天器的通用设计方法。结合所提方法,设计了一种主结构可变构型的模块化可维修航天器,阐述了所涉及的关键技术。所设计的可维修航天器以开放式机械体系、分布式异构网络体系与可补加动力体系为核心架构,以两级功能模块和三级接口为可维修载体,以较小代价实现了可维修维护能力,降低了对维修操作方的能力要求,且系统功能性能可随技术的发展动态演进。所提方法与典型设计案例可为中国可维修航天器及相应技术的发展提供参考。

The existing maintainable spacecraft costs a lot to realize the maintainability,and the technical development path is not clear,so it is difficult to popularize and apply.Based on the analysis of the technical characteristics of foreign maintainable spacecraft,this paper puts forward a general design method for maintainable spacecraft from three aspects:maintainable architecture,replaceable functional module architecture and plug-and-play interface architecture.Combined with the proposed method,a modular maintainable satellite with variable main structure configuration is designed,and the key technologies involved are described.The designed serviceable satellite takes the open mechanical system with variable configuration,distributed heterogeneous network system and refillable propulsion system as the core architecture,and the two-level functional modules and three-level interfaces as the repairable carrier.It realizes the maintainability at low cost,reduces the capability requirements for maintenance operators,and the system function and performance can evolve dynamically with the technology development.The proposed method and typical design case could provide reference for the development of maintainable spacecraft and corresponding technologies in China.