明清时期黔北乡村教育发展考

A Study on the Rural Education in Northern Guizhou from Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty

明末清初,在官方和地方士绅的推动下,黔北大地上的府学、州学、县学及书院从无到有、不断发展,乡村教育开始起步。至清中期,各地乡镇设立社学、义学,两者相互支撑,文化启蒙与教化延伸到基层,黔北乡村教育呈现出蓬勃发展之态。晚清沙滩文化的出现,则标志着黔北乡村教育达到鼎盛时期。考察明清时期黔北乡村教育发展,可以了解古代乡民启蒙教育的重要作用与影响。

In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty,with the promotion of the official and local gentry,the government school,prefecture school,county school and academy in northern Guizhou grew from scratch and developed continuously,and rural education began to start.In the middle of the Qing Dynasty,social studies and free studies were set up in various villages and towns,which supported each other,cultural enlightenment and enlightenment extended to the grass-roots level,and rural education in northern Guizhou showed a state of vigorous development.The emergence of Shatan culture in the late Qing Dynasty marked the peak of rural education in northern Guizhou.By investigating the development of rural education in northern Guizhou during the Ming and Qing dynasties,we can understand the important role and influence of enlightening education for ancient villagers.