萨特成为共产党同路人的历程及其成因分析

An Analysis of the Course and Causes of Sartre’s Becoming a Fellow Traveler of the Communist Party

萨特由二战前的个人主义向社会主义转变,并成为共产党的同路人。战争是促使萨特思想发生转变的重要因素,让他认识到了每个人都具有社会性,于是,他开始介入政治,先是寻求不加盟资本主义或社会主义阵营的"第三条道路",发现此路不通后,以知名作家的身份参与了社会主义阵营一系列的反法西斯活动,尽管他不是共产党人,但是与共产党一起度过了四年的蜜月期,成为共产党的"同路人"。促使他思想发生转变的还有哲学和社会实践层面:从前者来说,他所提出的存在主义伦理学没能发展出相应的规范理论,使得他开始思考马克思主义历史哲学中所蕴含的支持伦理参与上的优越性;从后者来说,他已经认识到只有法国共产党才能够把法国工人阶级团结起来,引发社会秩序的变革。

Sartre changed from individualism to socialism before World War II and became a fellow member of the Communist Party.War was an important factor that changed Sartre's thinking,and made himrealize that everyone was social;therefore,he began to inter-vene in politics,first seeking a“third way”not to join the capitalist or socialist camp.After finding that this road was blocked,he parti-cipated in a series of anti-fascist activities in the socialist camp as a well-known writer,even though he was not a communist.However,he went through a four-year honeymoon with the Communist Party and became a“fellow traveler”of the Communist Party.The trans-formation of his thought is also promoted by philosophy and social practice:formerly,the existential ethics he proposed failed to develop the corresponding normative theory;it makes him begin to think about the superiority of supporting ethical participation contained in Marxist historical philosophy;latterly,he has realized that only the French Communist Party can unite the French working class and cause the change of social order.