激光切割机结构优化及几何精度分析研究

Research on structure optimization and geometric accuracy analysis of laser cutting machine

以加工幅面为720 mm×600 mm的激光切割机为研究对象,利用有限元方法对其进行整体结构刚度分析;建立激光切割机几何误差模型,结合激光干涉仪测试切割机动、静态下激光切割机导轨直线度、角度误差及运动速度等数据,对其几何精度和定位精度进行了分析研究。研究结果表明:利用有限元对切割机进行的结构优化改进,可有效减小激光切割机龙门机架两端形变差距、提高激光切割机的框架刚度;激光切割机导轨直线度误差和角度误差对切割精度影响较大,动态场景下导轨的直线度大于静态导轨的直线度,移动速度、辅助气压对激光切割机导轨的直线度精度影响不大,通过改进结构设计和装配工艺,可提高激光切割机的几何精度、切割精度和定位精度。

This study is focusing on a working area of 720 mm×600 mm on a laser cutting machine.Use finite element analysis method to analyze its overall structure.The geometric error model of laser cutting machine is established.In order to analyze the geometric accuracy and position accuracy of the machine,the laser interferometer was used to test straightness,angle deviation and motion speed of the machine under dynamic and static situation.The finite element structural optimization design method is used to improve the structure and reduce the deformation gap at both ends of the gantry frame of the laser cutting machine.Meanwhile the errors in straightness and angle deviation have greater impact on machine accuracy.The straightness under static situation is larger than it is under dynamic situation.The motion speed,assistant pressure did not affect the straightness.Results show that to improve machine′s geometric accuracy,position accuracy and machining accuracy,it is useful to apply design and assembly optimizations.