海洋潜水旅游地研究历程、关键领域与展望

Research on Marine Diving Tourist Resorts:Its Course,Key Fields and Prospect

海洋旅游日益风靡全球,全球主要滨海国家都非常重视蓝色国土的旅游活动,海洋旅游亦成为维护国家海洋权益的柔性战略之一。海洋潜水旅游作为海洋旅游的新兴业态,集休闲、康养、运动、冒险于一体,具有广阔的发展前景,海洋潜水旅游目的地已成为全球海洋旅游的重要载体类型之一。1、潜水旅游是以"潜水"作为主要的旅游动机,区别于其他海洋旅游活动;2、海洋潜水旅游地呈现地域综合体发展,依托陆域港口城市与海洋生物旅游资源,凭借综合性旅游设施为游客提供了浮潜、水肺潜水、船潜等各种潜水旅游活动(场所),并满足游客海洋体验需求;3、海洋潜水旅游研究较少关注潜水旅游与自然、人文因素间的关系,目的地适宜性分析多停留在中小尺度,未重视潜水旅游地成长特点与一般规律;4、科学诠释潜水旅游目的地可持续成长,亟待解剖影响其成长的因素及其作用机制,尤其应综合旅游区位机制、成长过程生命周期性、多业态群集与空间竞争/协同理论,深度解析海洋潜水旅游地发展的微观过程、宏观格局与典型规律。未来应重点研究海洋潜水旅游地成长的时—空演化,以及核心海洋生物资源与历史、经济、社会、文化、制度等要素的适应性。

Marine tourism is becoming increasingly popular all over the world.Major coastal countries in the world attach great importance to tourism activities in blue territories,and marine tourism has also become one of the flexible strategies to safeguard national maritime rights and interests.As a new form of marine tourism,marine diving tourism,which integrates leisure,health,sports and adventure,has broad development prospects.Marine diving tourism destination has become one of the important carrier types of global marine tourism.(1) Diving tourism takes "diving" as the main tourism motive,which is different from other marine tourism activities;(2) The marine diving tourist resorts present the development of regional complex,based on land port cities and marine biological tourism resources,and depending on comprehensive tourism facilities to provide tourists with various diving tourism activities(places) such as snorkeling,scuba diving and boat diving,and to meet the needs of tourists for ocean experience;(3) The marine diving tourism pays little attention to the relationship between diving tourism and natural and human factors,and the suitability of destinations is mostly analyzed in small and medium scale rather than paying attention to the growth characteristics and general rules of diving tourism;(4) In order to scientifically interpret the sustainable growth of diving tourism destination,it is urgent to dissect the factors influencing its growth and its mechanism.In particular,it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the micro process,macro pattern and typical laws of the development of marine diving tourist resorts by integrating the tourism location mechanism,life cycle of growth process,multi-industry cluster and spatial competition/synergy theory.In the future,we should focus on the growth of marine diving tourist resorts,as well as the adaptability of core marine biological resources to historical,economic,social,cultural and institutional factors from the perspective of spatial-temporal evolution.