取得海外军事基地的国际法依据研究

The International Law Basis for Having Overseas Military Bases

海外军事基地是国家军事力量的延伸,也是保护国家海外利益的枢纽。国际法学界关于取得海外军事基地的法律依据主要有国际地役权说、国家自卫权说、主权权利让渡说。国际地役权说主要基于美国与盟国的驻军协议,认为海外军事基地的取得主要依据是国际地役权;国际自卫权说认为国家获得海外军事基地的法律依据为《联合国宪章》第五十二条的集体自卫权;主权权利让渡说认为海外军事基地租借国通过东道国的部分主权权利让渡,从而取得海外军事基地的合法性。本文赞同主权权利让渡说。

Overseas military bases are not only the extension of national military strength,but also the hub to protect national overseas interests.The legal basis for having overseas military bases in international law circles mainly includes the theory of international easement,the theory of national self-defense right and the theory of transfer of sovereign rights.The international easement theory is mainly based on the garrison agreement between the United States and its allies,and holds that the basis for acquisition of overseas military bases is the international easement.According to the theory of international self-defense right,the legal basis for a country to obtain overseas military bases is the collective self-defense right in Article 52 of the Charter of the United Nations.According to the theory of sovereignty transfer,the leasing country of overseas military bases transfers part of the sovereign rights of the host country,so as to obtain the legitimacy of overseas military bases.The paper supports the theory of transfer of sovereign rights.