快速映射与词汇习得研究综述

A Review of Fast Mapping Research in Vocabulary Acquisition

快速映射是模仿儿童习得一语词汇的过程而提出的词汇习得方式。通过对其概念和机制进行简要分析,并对国内外快速映射研究进行梳理与总结,结果发现:(1)快速映射普遍存在于儿童一语词汇习得过程中;(2)健康成人能够通过快速映射将新词直接整合到长时记忆网络中;(3)失忆症患者能够通过快速映射正常习得词汇;(4)快速映射同样有利于成人二语词汇的习得。但是,针对这些结果尚存在争议,有待进一步考察与探究。

Fast mapping(FM) is a way of vocabulary learning that is supposed to mimic the circumstances in which infants learn new word-object associations in daily life.In this paper,the concepts and mechanisms of FM are analyzed.Then,major studies on FM both at home and abroad are reviewed and summarized.The findings are that(a) FM commonly exists in the process of first language vocabulary learning in children;(b) healthy adults can integrate newly-learned words into their long-term memory through FM;(c) patients with amnesia can learn new words normally through FM,and(d) FM is also beneficial for second language vocabulary learning in adults.However,many studies have failed to replicate these results.Therefore,further investigation is needed.