航空结构件铣削变形及其控制研究进展

Research Progress on Milling Deformation and Control of Aviation Structural Parts

随着机床加工性能和刀具切削性能的提升,航空结构件的高效高精加工成为可能。航空结构件薄壁加工特征多,在铣削过程中易发生变形,因此预测与控制航空结构件的加工变形是切削加工领域内亟待解决的难题。通过总结了航空结构件的特点及加工难点,对加工变形形成机理进行深入分析;对加工变形影响最为关键的铣削力模型进行归纳;阐述了航空结构件残余应力变形预测的研究进展,以及利用加工工艺优化、数控补偿技术和高速切削加工技术等实现航空结构件加工变形控制的主要策略,最后对其未来研究方向进行了展望。

With the improvement of machine tool processing performance and tool cutting performance,high efficiency and high precision machining of aviation structural parts becomes possible.There are many thin-wall features of aviation structural parts,which are prone to deformation during the milling process.Therefore,the prediction and control of aviation structural parts deformation is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of machining.Through summarizing the characteristics and processing difficulties of aviation structural parts,the forming mechanism of machining deformation is deeply analyzed.This paper summarizes the milling force model that is most critical to processing deformation,and explains the research progress of residual stress and deformation prediction of aviation structural parts.Machining process optimization,numerical control compensation technology and high-speed cutting technology are the main strategies to realize the deformation control of aviation structural parts.Finally,the future development is forecasted.