“天人不相预”“天人相济”与唐宋儒学进路

“Heaven and Man do not Anticipate Each Other”“Heaven and Man Complement Each Other”and the Development of Confucianism in Tang and Song Dynasties

唐宋时期柳宗元和司马光分别提出“天人不相预”和“天人相济”,并据此阐释和发展了儒学的内在价值,为现实的政治秩序寻求形而上的依据。两人的天人观极大突破了汉儒的天命思想,在新的高度探索人道天道问题,启发了相关问题的探索。两人对天道人道的理解不相同,分别以“势”和“礼”建立起天人观的内在理路。柳宗元破除天命,回归大中之道,司马光则以维护封建统治强化人伦为出发点,其“天人相济”思想促进了唐宋儒学的转型,体现出宋学从思想的经典形态走向社会行为规范,走向生活世界的新儒学发展趋势。

In tang and Song dynasties,Liu Zongyuan and Sima Guang respectively put forward"Heaven and man do not anticipate each other"and"Heaven and man complement each other",from which they explained and developed the intrinsic value of Confucianism and sought the metaphysical basis for the realistic political order.Their view of heaven and man greatly broke through the thought of heaven's mandate in Han Confucianism,and explored the problem of humane heaven and way at a new height,inspiring the exploration of related issues.They had different understandings of the way of heaven and humanity,and set up the inner road of the view of heaven and man with"power"and"propriety"respectively.Liu Zongyuan broke the order of heaven and returned to the way of large and medium,while Sima Guang took maintaining feudal rule and strengthening human ethics as the starting point.Sima Guang's thought of"harmony between heaven and man"promoted the transformation of Confucianism in Tang and Song dynasties,reflecting the development trend of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty from the classical form of ideology to the norms of social behavior and life.