气质联用法研究多花黄精药材炮制过程中挥发性物质的变化

Changes of volatile substances in rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema processing by GC-MS

为比较多花黄精药材在炮制过程中挥发油化学组成及含量变化,探究炮制对多花黄精药材挥发性成分的影响,采用水蒸气蒸馏法对不同多花黄精药材炮制样品的挥发性成分进行提取,使用气相色谱质谱联用仪对挥发油化学组成进行分析,数据库对比分析多花黄精药材炮制前后的挥发性成分变化,并通过主成分分析法进行PCA得分分析。结果表明,挥发性成分中共鉴定出115种成分,炮制后小分子醛酮类挥发性物质含量明显降低,9次蒸晒炮制后有机酸成为主要挥发性成分,糠醛类等有害物质在炮制后含量升高,PCA得分显示多花黄精炮制过程中挥发性成分差异显著。可见传统炮制工艺对黄精的减毒增效有一定的效用,但因毒副产物的产生,炮制工艺应进一步优化。

To observe the composition and content changes of volatile oil in rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema processing,and evaluate the effect of processing on the volatile components of processed P.cyrtonema,we extracted the volatile oil with steam distillation from each processed sample,analyzed its chemical composition by GC-MS(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)and the changes of its volatile component before and after processing by database comparison and principal component analysis.The result showed:115 components were identified in the volatile oil,the contents of small molecular aldehydes and ketones volatile substances had significantly reduced after processing,and organic acid became the main volatile component after steaming and drying for nine times,while harmful substances such as furfural increased after processing,and indoline active substances also appeared.PCA scoring showed that the volatile components were significantly different during the processing.In conclusion,the traditional processing plays a certain role in reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy of P.cyrtonema,but the processing technology should be further optimized due to the accumulation of toxic byproduct.