儿童意外伤害的危险因素分析

Analysis of the risk factors for accidental injuries in children

目的分析儿童意外伤害的临床特点及危险因素,探讨针对性的预防措施,降低意外伤害发生率。方法选取我院急诊科2015年1月至2019年12月五年期间接诊的意外伤害患儿1002例为研究对象,对患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并随机抽取同期接诊的急症患儿1002例为对照组。结果五年期间急诊科接诊的意外伤害患儿1002例,占同期危重症患儿总数的7.52%(1002/13326),其中男577例(57.58%),女425例(42.42%);意外伤害发生类型主要是中毒478例(47.70%)、交通伤213例(21.26%)、跌落伤137例(13.67%)、溺水46例(4.59%)、异物伤41例(4.09%)。发生年龄分期:婴幼儿期341例(34.03%)、学龄前期383例(38.22%)、学龄期197例(19.66%)、青春期81例(8.09%)。儿童意外伤害的发生与年龄、单亲家庭、监护人文化程度、居住地、家庭和睦程度、安全教育具有相关性。Logistic回归分析显示:年龄、单亲家庭、监护人文化程度、安全教育均是儿童意外伤害发生的相关危险因素,家庭和睦程度对儿童意外伤害具有一定的保护作用。结论儿童意外伤害存在地域差异,本地区以中毒伤最常见,6岁以下为高发年龄。年龄、单亲家庭、监护人文化程度、安全教育均是儿童意外伤害发生的相关危险因素。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of accidental injuries in children and explore targeted preventive measures in order to reduce the incidence of accidental injuries.Methods A total of 1002 children with accidental injuries admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 were selected as the research subjects.The clinical data of the children were retrospectively analyzed,and 1002 children admitted to the emergency department during the same period were randomly selected as the control group.Results During the five-year period,1002 children with accidental injuries were treated in the emergency department,accounting for 7.52%(1002/13326)of the total number of critical illness in children.There were 577 males(57.58%)and 425 females(42.42%).The main types of accidental injuries were poisoning in 478 cases(47.70%),traffic injury in 213 cases(21.26%),falling injury in 137 cases(13.67%),drowning in 46 cases(4.59%),and foreign body injury in 41 cases(4.09%).There were 341 infants(34.03%),383 preschool children(38.22%),197 school-age children(19.66%)and 81 adolescents(8.09%).The occurrence of children′s accidental injury was related to age,single-parent family,guardian′s education level,residence,family harmony and safety education.Logistic regression analysis showed that age,single-parent family,guardian′s education level and safety education were risk factors related to children′s accidental injury,and the degree of family harmony had a certain protective effect on children′s accidental injury.Conclusion There are regional differences in accidental injuries among children.Poisoning injury is most common in this region,and the age under 6 years old is the high incidence age.Age,single-parent family,guardian′s education level and safety education are the related risk factors of children′s accidental injury.