《问来使》:伪陶诗与拟陶诗中的经典

Wen Laishi: Classics in Pseudo Tao Poetry and Quasi Tao Poetry

今传世之《陶渊明集》卷二有一首《问来使》诗,作为一首伪陶诗,它实际是一首拟陶诗,这是其最根本的诗学特质。但古人不仅把《问来使》当作陶诗,而且视为陶诗中的经典。古代诗人的这种宗陶的态度与某些古代学者通过辨伪、考据所形成的正确理性认知存在着尖锐的矛盾。这一方面显示了人们对陶渊明的偏爱,由偏爱而丧失应有的理性;另一方面,也和古代学术信息的闭塞、书籍流通之不便以及诗歌创作与诗学研究的分途有密切的关系。无论如何,《问来使》借陶渊明之名走入中国古代文学史,并催生了若干诗歌经典,成为我们绕不开的一首伪陶诗,这是我们必须面对的客观事实。

There is a poem Wen Laishi in Volume 2 of Tao Yuanming Collection handed down today.As a pseudo Tao poem,it is actually a quasi Tao poem,which is its most fundamental poetic characteristic.However,the ancients not only regarded Wen Laishi as a Tao Poem,but also regarded it as a classic in Tao poetry.There is a sharp contradiction between the attitude of ancient poets and the correct rational cognition formed by some ancient scholars through distinguishing falsehood and textual research.On the one hand,it shows people’s preference for Tao Yuanming,which leads to the loss of due rationality.On the other hand,it is also closely related to the blocking of ancient academic information,the inconvenience of book circulation and the division between poetry creation and poetics research.In any case,Wen Laishi entered the history of ancient Chinese literature in the name of Tao Yuanming,and gave birth to a number of Poetry Classics.It has become a pseudo Tao poem that we cannot get around.This is an objective fact that we must face.