仪式化的“替罪羊”:《“水仙号”的黑水手》中惠特的形象解读

Ritualized"scapegoat":Interpretation of Wait's image in The Niggar of the"Narcissus"

《“水仙号”的黑水手》是英国现代作家约瑟夫·康拉德(Joseph Conrad)海洋小说的典型代表,其中黑水手惠特的形象历来是评论界分析的焦点。从文学人类学的视角切入,可以发现惠特的形象与英国维多利亚时代的社会结构存在密切联系。结合法国人类学家勒内·吉拉尔(RenéGirard)的“替罪羊”理论来看,康拉德塑造该形象是为了呈现身处群体迫害之下边缘人物的悲惨生活。这不仅是小说中惠特形象的实质,更是表达了作者对停止暴力、回归有序、互望互助的社会的殷切期望。

The Niggar of the"Narcissus"is a typical representative of Joseph Conrad's ocean novels,of which the image of Wait,the black seaman,has always been the focus of controversy in the critics.Using the scapegoat theory of French anthropologist RenéGirard,this paper analyzes the image of Wait in The Niggar of the"Narcissus",and points out that the essence of Wait's image is the ritualized"scapegoat"under the group persecution.The analysis of the image of"scapegoat"of the black seaman is helpful to excavate the deep structure of the novel and clarify tits realistic reference,so as to make a new interpretation of the novel.