137份茶树人工杂交F_(1)代单株表型性状及遗传多样性分析

Analysis on Phenotypic Traits and Genetic Diversity of 137 Tea Individual Plants from Artificial Hybrid F_(1) Generation

为探究茶树人工杂交F_(1)代单株表型性状的遗传变异特征,为杂交后代早期选择提供依据,以"金萱(♀)×云茶1号(♂)"人工杂交F_(1)代的137个单株为试验材料,对其芽叶表型性状多样性进行研究。结果表明:12个性状的变异系数为6.37%~32.84%,其中,叶长叶宽比的变异系数最小,叶面积、芽重、一芽二叶重和一芽三叶重的变异系数均较大,分别为32.84%、32.66%、31.10%和30.89%;各性状均具有较好的连续性正态分布趋势;12个性状在F_(1)代的中亲优势率为-0.53%~0.01%,超亲优势率为-0.69%~-0.03%,其中叶长叶宽比的中亲优势值为正值,且相对遗传力为正向显性;66对相关性分析中有56对达到极显著水平(P<0.01),2对达到显著水平(P<0.05);系统聚类将F_(1)代的137个单株分为2个类群,其中第2个类群分为2个亚类,聚类结果充分反映了各类群的特征。

In order to explore the genetic variation characteristics of phenotypic traits of individual plants of artificial hybrid F1 generation and provide bases for early selection of tea hybrid progeny,137 F1 individual plants from the cross of Jinxuan(♀)×Yuncha 1(♂)were used as experimental materials to study the diversity of phenotypic traits of bud and leaves.The results showed that the variation coefficient of 12 traits ranged from 6.37%to 32.84%,and that of the ratio of leaf length to width was the smallest,while that of leaf area,bud weight,weight of one bud and two leaves and weight of one bud and three leaves were larger as 32.84%,32.66%,31.10%and 30.89%,respectively.All characters had good trends of continuous normal distribution.The dominant rates of mesophilic and superophilic traits in F1 generation were-0.53%~0.01%and-0.69%~-0.03%,respectively.The mesophilic dominant value of the ratio of leaf length to width was positive,and their relative heritability was positive.Among the 66 pairs of correlation analyses,56 pairs reached very significant level(P<0.01),and 2 pairs reached significant level(P<0.05).The 137 individual plants of F1 generation were clustered into two groups by systematic clustering,and the second group was clustered into two subgroups.The clustering results fully reflected the characteristics of each group.