喷施6种叶面钾肥对烤烟上部叶生长发育及质量的影响

Effects of Six Foliar Potassium Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Upper Leaves of Flue-Cured Tobacco

本试验以烤烟品种NC102为材料,设置磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢钾+氯化钾、磷酸二氢钾+氯化钙、柠檬酸钾、硫酸钾、硝酸钾6种叶面钾肥处理,研究其对上部叶农艺性状、生理生化、感官质量、经济性状等的影响。结果表明,喷施6种叶面钾肥能有效提高上部叶生长、质量和经济性状,其中打顶后喷施0.02 mol·L^(-1)柠檬酸钾处理(T4)效果最好。与CK相比,T4处理烤烟上部叶叶面积增加19.66%,长宽比减少12.54%,净光合速率提高15.63%,过氧化指标相关酶和碳氮代谢相关酶活性增强,进而使上部叶化学品质改善,感官质量提高,烟叶产值增加。因此,大田生产中可通过喷施柠檬酸钾改善烤烟上部叶开片与碳氮代谢,协调烤后烟叶化学成分,提升上部叶质量。

The effects of six kinds of foliar potassium fertilizers on agronomic characters,physiological and biochemical characteristics,sensory quality and economic properties of flue-cured tobacco upper leaves were studied with the variety NC102 as experimental variety.The six kinds of foliar fertilizers were KH_(2)PO_(4),KH_(2)PO_(4)+KCl,KH_(2)PO_(4)+CaCl_(2),potassium citrate,K_(2)SO_(4 )and KNO_(3).The results showed that application of the six kinds of foliar potassium fertilizers could effectively improve the growth,quality and economic characters of upper leaves,among which,spraying 0.02 mol·L-1 potassium citrate(T4)after topping was the best.Compared with CK,the upper leaf area of flue-cured tobacco treated with potassium citrate increased by 19.66%,the ratio of length to width of leaf decreased by 12.54%,the net photosynthetic rate increased by 15.63%,the activities of peroxide related enzymes and carbon and nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes were enhanced,and the chemical quality,sensory quality and production value of the upper leaves were improved.Therefore,in the field production,potassium citrate could be used to improve the opening and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco and harmonize the chemical composition of cured leaves in order to improve the quality of the upper leaves.