恩格斯生态思想的核心要义及其新时代启示

Gist of Engels’s Ecological Thought and Its Enlightenment in the New Era

生态环境及自然资源是人类赖以生存发展的基本条件,恩格斯早在工业革命初期就对人与自然的关系给予高度关注并形成了其生态思想。在经济高速发展的今天,人类对自然资源的过度开发和不合理的生产生活方式给自然环境造成了恶劣的影响。面对环境恶化对人类生存造成的威胁,梳理恩格斯的生态思想,明确其在特定时代背景下的生成逻辑,能够加深对恩格斯探讨人与自然关系问题的立场、观点、方法以及核心要义的认识。恩格斯从维护无产阶级生态权益的思想内核出发,考察由工业革命带来的环境问题与社会问题,辩证地吸收哲学家、生态学家的思想成果以及在对自然科学成果的论证中形成其生态思想。同时分别从人与自然是辩证统一关系的体系相关角度,自然力对人具有反作用的对象化活动角度,以及从变革社会制度来改善人与自然关系的发展角度,揭示了生态危机的产生根源以及资源环境与经济发展的协调过程。现阶段,我国正处于推进美丽中国建设的关键期,探讨恩格斯的生态思想不仅能够促进我们利用整体性思维来反思全球性生态问题,推动生产生活方式转型;而且对新时代生态文明建设发展遵循"山水林田湖草是生命共同体"的发展原则,树立"尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然"的发展理念,以及坚持"人与自然和谐共生"的发展方略同样发挥着重要的启示作用。

Ecological environment and natural resources are the basic conditions for human survival and development.Engels paid close attention to the relationship between human and nature as early as the beginning of the Industrial Revolution and formed his ecological thought.Today,with the rapid development of economy,human’s over exploitation of natural resources and unreasonable way of production and life have had a bad impact on the natural environment.Faced with the threat of environmental degradation to human survival,making a review of Engels’ s ecological thought and clarifying the generative logic under the specific background of the era can deepen our understanding of Engels’ s stance,viewpoint,method in exploring the relationship between man and nature and the gist of his ecological thought.Starting from the ideological core of safeguarding the ecological rights and interests of the proletariat,Engels investigated the environmental and social problems brought about by the Industrial Revolution,dialectically absorbed the ideological achievements of philosophers and ecologists and formed his ecological thought in the demonstration of natural science achievements.Meanwhile,the roots of ecological crises and the coordination between resources,environment and economic development were revealed from multiple perspectives:a dialectical and unified relationship between man and nature,nature’s reactionary effect on human beings,and reforming the social system to improve the relationship between man and nature.During the current critical period of launching the initiative of "building a beautiful China",exploring Engels’ s ecological thought can promote us to reflect on global ecological issues with the holistic thinking mode and boost the transformation of the ways of production and life.It also plays an important role in inspiring ecological mentality,such as the development principle that mountains,waters,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands are part of a community of life,the development ideology of knowing,conforming to and protecting nature and the development strategy characterized by the harmonious symbiosis of man and nature.