黑水虻对乌鳢(Channa argus)生长性能、饲料利用及营养组成的影响

Effects of Replacement of Fishmeal by Black Soldier Fly(Hermetia illucens L.) on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Nutritional Composition of Juvenile Snakehead Channa argus

试验旨在研究黑水虻幼虫干虫、虫粉替代鱼粉对乌鳢生长性能、饲料利用及肌肉营养组成的影响。选取初体重为(6.87±0.62)g的乌鳢幼鱼135尾,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复15尾鱼。分别用黑水虻幼虫干虫(BSF,粗蛋白33.30%、粗脂肪39.20%)、黑水虻幼虫虫粉(DBSF,粗蛋白53.00%、粗脂肪11.80%)替代基础饲料(鱼粉含量40%)50%的鱼粉。试验包括鱼粉组(D0组)、干虫组(D1组)和虫粉组(D2组)三种硬颗粒缓沉性饲料,开展为期60 d的养殖试验。结果表明:黑水虻干虫和虫粉替代50%鱼粉对乌鳢生长性能、饵料系数和成活率等无显著性影响(P>0.05)。与鱼粉组(D0组)相比,黑水虻干虫对乌鳢的摄食率有显著的负面影响(P<0.05),脏体比显著提高(P<0.05)。黑水虻干虫和虫粉替代试验饲料50%鱼粉对鱼体和肌肉的粗蛋白含量无显著性影响(P>0.05),干虫组(D1组)鱼体粗脂肪含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),肌肉粗脂肪显著高于鱼粉组(P<0.05)。替代50%鱼粉后干虫组(D1组)和虫粉组(D2组)肌肉部分必需氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸总量和非必需氨基酸及呈味氨基酸含量都有所降低。替代50%鱼粉后,肌肉脂肪酸中月桂酸(C12:0)含量和单不饱和脂肪酸总量显著提升(P<0.05),EPA、DHA及多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),D2组多不饱和脂肪酸含量高于D1组。研究结果揭示,黑水虻干虫、虫粉替代乌鳢饲料50%鱼粉对其生长性能和饲料利用无显著性影响,但对其肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成产生负面影响,同时说明黑水虻虫粉替代鱼粉补充鱼油后乌鳢肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸含量提升。

This experiment was to study the effects of replacement of fishmeal by dried black fly larvae and partially defatted black fly larvae meal on growth performance, feed utilization, muscle nutritional composition of juvenile snakehead Channa argus. 135 fish [(6.87±0.62)g/tail] were divided into three groups with three replicate each group and 15 fish each replicate. 50% fishmeal in the fundamental formulation(40% fishmeal) were substituted respectively by dried black fly larvae(BSF, crude protein33.30%, crude lipid 39.20%) and partially defatted black fly larvae meal(DBSF, crude protein 53.00%,crude lipid 11.80%). Three kinds of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic slow-sinking diets named D0(fish meal group), D1(Dried black soldier group) and D2(Partially defatted black soldier meal group) were formed. The rearing period was 60 days. The re-sults showed that the growth performance, feed ef-ficiency rate and survival rate of snakehead hadno significant differences in these groups, D0, D1 and D2(P>0.05). Comparing to D0 group, thefeed intake of D1 group was affected negatively by BSF(P<0.05). The viscera to weight ratio of D1 group was significantly higher than that of the otherall groups(P<0.05). The crude protein content in body and muscle of the test fish had no significant dif-ferences in groups(P>0.05). Crude lipid in fish body of D1 group was the highest among all groups(P<0.05), and in muscle, the crude lipid of D1 group was higher than that of D0 group(P<0.05). The con-tents of some essential amino acid, total essential amino acid, non-essential amino acid and flavor aminoacid in muscle of D1 and D2 groups decreased after the fish meal were substituted. In muscle, the con-tents of lauricacid(C12: 0) showed a sharp improvement, and the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), docosahexaenoie acid(DHA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly reduced after50% fish meal was replaced with black soldier fly(P<0.05). The results revealed that the replacement of50% fish meal with dried black fly larvae, partially defatted black fly larvae meal in juvenile snakeheaddiet had no effects on the growth performance and feed utilization, but showed a negative effects on theprofiles of amino acid and fatty acid, and as a supplement of fish oil, DBSF had beneficial effects on thefatty acid profiles in muscle of juvenile snakehead.