积极老龄化离我们有多远——基于老年人精神需求的思考与探索

How Far is Active Aging from Us——a reflection and exploration based on the spiritual needs of the elderly

随着经济社会的发展,我国养老的核心问题已从解决贫困和物质匮乏转变为如何满足老年人的精神需求。积极老龄化的精髓和核心即是社会参与,主动积极的社会参与有助于老年人获得尊敬和尊严,感受生命的价值和意义。然而,负面的老化刻板印象、消极特征取向的涉老研究,阻碍了积极老龄化的推进,不利于老年人精神需求的满足。基于对老龄化困境、老化刻板印象、精神需求内涵等方面的分析,可以得出,在新时代脱贫攻坚目标任务如期完成的社会背景下,建构城市养老与乡村振兴的“双赢”机制,利用美丽乡村的环境优势和闲置住房,助力城市养老,同时发挥城市老人的智力优势和知识技能,添翼乡村振兴,不但有助于解决乡村振兴的人才瓶颈,更重要的是满足老年人自我实现等高层次的精神需求。

With the development of economy and society,the core problem of providing for the aged in China has changed from solving poverty and material shortage to how to meet the spiritual needs of the elderly.The essence and core of active aging is social participation.Active social participation helps the elderly gain respect and dignity,and feel the value and significance of life.However,the negative stereotype of aging and the negative characteristic orientation of aging related research hinder the promotion of positive aging and the satisfaction of the spiritual needs of the elderly.Based on the analysis and reflection of aging dilemma,aging stereotype and the connotation of the spiritual needs of the elderly,this paper puts forward the“win-win”strategy of urban pension and rural revitalization,and explores the realistic path to meet the spiritual needs of the elderly.