高中理科学生实验的实施现状与改进对策

The Current Situation of Implementing Experiments for High School Science Students and Improvement Measures

高中理科学生实验是不可缺少且不可替代的学习方式。但多年以来,学生实验不断被弱化,实验课开设率低,人均实验操作时间短,以教师演示实验或观看实验录像替代学生实验已成为普遍现象。上述做法背离了《教育部关于加强和改进中小学实验教学的意见》的精神,影响了学生科学核心素养的形成。本文在问卷调查、国际比较和课程标准研究的基础上,从观念、行为和手段方面分析了学生实验困境的成因,提出了着眼能力培养、加强督导检查、用好数字化实验、实施过程性评价四项加强和改进学生实验教学的对策。

Science experiments are an indispensable and irreplaceable way of learning for high school students.However,over the years,student experiments have been continuously weakened,the rate of laboratory courses offered is low,the per capita operation time is short,and it has become common to replace student experiments with teacher demonstration or watching laboratory videos.The above practices deviate from the spirit of Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Strengthening and Improving Experimental Teaching in Primary and Secondary Schools and affect the cultivation of students’ science core competency.Based on the questionnaire survey,international comparison and the study of curriculum standards,this paper analyzes the causes of dilemmas of student experiments in terms of concepts,behaviors and approaches,and proposes four improvement measures to strengthen and improve experiment teaching by focusing on competence development,strengthening supervision and inspection,making good use of digital experiments,and implementing process evaluation.