分子靶向治疗晚期胆系恶性肿瘤的研究进展

Research progress of molecular targeting therapy in advanced biliary tract cancer

胆系恶性肿瘤(BTC)是起源于肝内外胆管及胆囊壁黏膜上皮细胞恶性肿瘤,约占消化系统恶性肿瘤的3%,近年来发病率和病死率不断增加。基于临床和病理异质性的特点,BTC早期发现困难,确诊时往往已处于晚期,预后极差。一直以来,晚期BTC都是唯化学治疗,但治疗效果不尽如人意。近年来,随着精准治疗的兴起,尤其是分子靶向药物在BTC领域的不断推陈出新,晚期BTC可选择的治疗方案越来越多,成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)抑制剂pemigatinib的获批,更是正式开启了胆道肿瘤分子靶向治疗的新大门。目前已有多种针对晚期BTC不同靶点的药物进行临床应用或试验研究。该文对这部分研究进行回顾和总结,以期为指导临床实践提供一定的参考价值。

Biliary tract cancer(BTC)is a malignant tumor originating from the mucosal epithelial cells of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder walls,accounting for about 3%of malignant tumors of the digestive system.The incidence and mortality rates of BTC have been increasing in recent years.Based on its characteristics of clinical and pathological heterogeneity,BTC is difficult to be found in the early stage.Once diagnosed,BTC is often at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis.For a long time,chemotherapy is the only treatment for patients with BTC at an advanced stage,but the effect is not satisfactory.In recent years,with the rise of precision therapy,especially the continuous innovation of molecular targeted drugs in the field of BTC,there are more and more treatment options for advanced BTC.The approval of fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR)inhibitor pemigatinib has officially opened the new door to molecular targeting therapy for biliary tract tumors.At present,there have been a variety of clinical applications or experimental studies on different targeted drugs of advanced BTC.This paper reviews and summarizes these clinical applications or experimental studies in order to provide some reference value for guiding clinical practice.