2016—2018年乐山市学龄前儿童流感流行病学分析及不同检测方法效能

Efficacy of different detection methods and epidemiological of influenza among preschool children in Leshan City in 2016-2018

目的分析乐山市2016—2018年学龄前儿童流感流行病学特征,比较抗原胶体金试剂和核酸检测试剂的差异,为流感防控提供数据支持。方法采用系统抽样的方式选择乐山市2016年1月至2018年12月收治的1100例疑似流感患者作为研究对象;收集患者流感流行病学临床资料和特征,分别采用抗原胶体金试剂和核酸检测试剂进行检测;以核酸检测作为标准分析抗原胶体金试剂检测方法差异。结果以核酸检测金标准,抗原胶体金试剂法检测儿童流感病原体的敏感度、特异度均>80%,且以抗原胶体金试剂法检测流感病原体的AUC>0.90,具有较高的应用价值;2016—2018年乐山市以乙型Y型和甲型H3N2型为主;临床表现的主要特征为咳嗽、流涕、发热(P<0.05)。结论2016—2018年乐山市学龄前儿童流感病毒感染以型Y型和甲型H3N2型为主,并呈现明显年龄、季节特征,临床中可抗原胶体金试剂对儿童进行筛选,但对检测阴性而属于高危患儿应尽快采用核酸法进行检查确诊。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in preschool children in Leshan City from 2016 to 2018,and to compare the difference between antigen colloidal gold reagent and nucleic acid detection reagent.Methods A total of 1100 patients with suspected influenza admitted to Leshan City from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected as the research objects;the clinical data and characteristics of influenza epidemiology of the patients were collected,and the antigen colloidal gold reagent and nucleic acid detection reagent were used to detect influenza.Epidemiological characteristics;using nucleic acid detection as the standard to evaluate the diagnostic value of antigen colloidal gold reagent detection methods.Results The nucleic acid detection gold standard,antigen colloidal gold reagent method to detect influenza The sensitivity and specificity of the pathogen are both greater than 80%,and the AUC of influenza pathogen detection by the antigen colloidal gold reagent method is greater than 0.90,which has high application value.From 2016 to 2018,Leshan City was dominated by type B Y and type A H3N2;the main clinical features were cough,runny nose,and fever(P<0.05);the distribution of characteristics showed that there was no statistics on the sex of children with influenza Significantly,children less than 5 years old accounted for the highest proportion,and the proportion of children in winter and Spring Festival was significantly higher than that in summer and autumn,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion From 2016 to 2018,influenza virus infections in preschool children in Leshan City were mainly type Y and type A H3N2,and showed obvious age and seasonal characteristics.The antigenic colloidal gold reagent was used in clinical screening for children,but the test was negative.Children who are at high risk should be diagnosed with nucleic acid method as soon as possible.