贵州野生兰科植物就地保护现状及保护空缺分析

Analysis on in situ conservation status and conservation vacancy of wild Orchidaceae in Guizhou Province

兰科(Orchidaceae)植物是植物界中最进化、种类最丰富的类群之一,有较高的环境要求和较强的生态系统依存性。由于很多兰科植物具有较高的观赏价值和药用价值,各地采挖频繁,导致其受威胁十分严重,已成为保护植物中的“旗舰”类群。该文基于文献资料和近年来课题组野外调查数据,分析贵州省野生兰科植物的地理分布状况、就地保护现状与保护空缺,以期为该地区野生兰科植物科学合理的保护管理提供参考。结果表明:(1)贵州省野生兰科植物共343种,其中在自然保护区内分布的物种有291种,就地保护率为84.84%。(2)在兰科植物地理分布上,黔西南(221种)>黔南(198种)>遵义(135种)>铜仁(110种)>黔东南(101种)>贵阳(82种)>六盘水(79种)>毕节(68种)>安顺(65种),黔西南和黔南分布的兰科植物及它们自然保护区内分布的兰科植物种类均远高于其他地区。(3)采用“累计筛选法”共鉴别出保护贡献率较高的前14个保护区,累计保护贡献率达84.84%。总体而言,贵州省野生兰科植物受到了较全面的保护,但仍有部分物种未受到保护,且受威胁严重。

Orchidaceae is one of the most rapidly evolved and abundant taxa in the plant kingdom.It has high environmental requirements and strong ecosystem dependence.Many Orchidaceae plants have high ornamental and medicinal values,therefore,they are frequently mined and threatened seriously,and have become the“flagship”taxa in the protected plants.Based on the literature and the field survey data of the research group in recent years,we analyzed the geographical distribution,the current situation of in situ conservation and conservation vacancy of wild orchids in Guizhou Province,so as to provide a reference for the scientific and reasonable conservation and management of wild orchids in this area.The results were as follows:(1)There are 343 species of wild orchids in Guizhou Province,among which 291 species are distributed in the nature reserve,and the in situ conservation rate is 84.84%.(2)In terms of geographical distribution,Qianxinan(221)>Qiannan(198)>Zunyi(135)>Tongren(110)>Qiandongnan(101)>Guiyang(82)>Liupanshui(79)>Bijie(68)>Anshun(65),the species of orchids in Qianxinan and Qiannan and their nature reserves are much higher than those in other areas.(3)The top 14 reserves with high conservation contribution rate were identified by“cumulative screening method”,and the cumulative conservation contribution rate reached 84.84%.In general,the wild Orchidaceae plants in Guizhou Province have been fully protected,but there are still some species not protected and seriously threatened.