用能权交易制度能否提升能源利用效率?

Can the energy-consuming right transaction system improve energy utilization efficiency?

用能权交易制度作为绿色发展理念实践中的重大制度创新,是推进生态文明体制改革的重大举措。实施用能权交易制度对于提高能源利用效率、实现能耗总量和强度"双控"目标具有重要的意义。文章以用能权交易试点作为切入点,基于2006—2019年全国30个省份的面板数据,运用双重差分法考察了用能权交易制度对能源利用效率的影响与作用机制。研究结果表明,用能权交易制度能够显著提升能源利用效率。具体而言,使试点省份单位地区生产总值能耗下降5.78%。机制检验表明,用能权交易制度主要通过推动绿色技术创新提高能源利用效率。异质性分析表明,用能权交易制度对能源利用效率的提升作用会随着节能潜力的升高呈现递减趋势,用能权交易制度对节能潜力较高的河南和四川能源利用效率能够发挥显著推动作用,而对节能潜力较低的浙江和福建影响并不显著。此外,文章还发现,用能权交易制度存在环境红利,在推动能源利用效率提升的同时,能够有效降低二氧化硫和二氧化碳的排放。在经过平行趋势检验、结构断点检验、PSM-DID、安慰剂检验以及其他稳健性检验后,文章结论依旧成立。由此得出,在用能权交易市场建设过程中,要及时总结试点经验、逐步扩大试点范围,并且要不断完善监管机制,以降低制度性交易成本,推动能源高效配置合理使用,同时还应该坚持因地制宜,从实际出发制定和实施具有本地特色的用能权交易配套措施。

As a major institutional innovation in the practice of the green development concept,the energy-consuming transaction system is a major measure to promote the reform of the ecological civilization system.The implementation of the energy-consuming transaction system is important for improving energy utilization efficiency and achieving‘dual control’of energy consumption and intensity.Using the energy-consuming transaction system pilots as an entry point,and based on the panel data from 30 provinces in China from2006 to 2019,this paper used the difference-in-differences method to examine the impact and mechanism of energy-consuming transaction system on energy efficiency.The research results showed that the energy-consuming transaction system could significantly improve energy utilization efficiency.Specifically,it could reduce the energy consumption per unit of GDP in the pilot provinces by 5.78%.The mechanism test showed that the energy-consuming transaction system mainly improved energy utilization efficiency by promoting green technology innovation.Heterogeneity analysis showed that the energy-consuming transaction system would have a diminishing effect on energy utilization efficiency along with the energy saving potential.The energy-consuming transaction system could play a significant role in promoting the energy utilization efficiency of Henan and Sichuan,while the impact on Zhejiang and Fujian was not significant.In addition,this article also found that the energy-consuming transaction system had environmental dividends,which could effectively reduce sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions while promoting energy efficiency.After parallel trend test,structural breakpoint test,PSM-DID,placebo test,and other robustness tests,the conclusion of this article was still valid.This study has the following implications:In the process of building the energy-consuming transaction market,it is necessary to promptly summarize the pilot experience,gradually expand the piloting scope,constantly improve the regulatory mechanism to reduce institutional transaction costs,promote efficient energy allocation and rational use,and at the same time,adhere to local conditions and set out to formulate and implement supporting measures for energy-consuming transactions with local characteristics.