资本禀赋对生态保护红线区农户人为活动限制受偿意愿的影响

Influence of capital on the willingness to accept compensation for human activity restrictions in ecological protection red line areas

生态补偿是激励生态保护红线区农户主动参与人为活动限制政策,实现生态保护红线区人与自然和谐共生的有效政策工具。为深入了解生态保护红线区农户人为活动限制的受偿意愿,将其决策过程分解成补偿参与意愿和受偿额度两个阶段,基于布迪厄的社会实践理论,构建资本禀赋与受偿意愿的理论分析框架,利用江西省和湖北省4个县(区)生态保护红线区微观调查数据,运用双栏模型实证分析资本禀赋对生态保护红线区农户人为活动限制受偿意愿的影响。研究结果表明:(1)有效的人为活动限制补偿激励应不低于农户的平均受偿意愿,对应调查区域的补偿标准应不低于0.23万元/(户·a);(2)经济资本对人为活动限制补偿参与意愿和受偿额度均有显著的正向影响,其中农业收入比重、人口负担比和住房结构对补偿参与意愿具有正向影响,劳动力数量和人均耕地面积对受偿额度具有正向影响;(3)文化资本对人为活动限制补偿参与意愿的影响不确定,但对受偿额度有显著的负向影响,其中村集体活动参与对补偿参与意愿具有正向影响,外出打工经历对补偿参与意愿和受偿额度均有负向影响;(4)社会资本对人为活动限制补偿参与意愿有显著的正向影响,但对受偿额度的影响不确定,其中村干部信任程度和陌生人信任程度对补偿参与意愿具有正向影响,邻居信任程度和贷款难易程度对受偿额度具有负向影响,手机联系人数和社会声望对受偿额度具有正向影响。因此,在未来的生态保护红线区生态补偿机制设计中,要分层分阶段推进人为活动限制补偿政策,充分重视农户的经济资本、文化资本和社会资本对其人为活动限制受偿意愿的影响。

Eco-compensation is an effective policy tool to encourage farmers to actively engage in human activity restrictions and realize the harmonious coexistence of human and nature in ecological protection red line areas.In order to deeply understand the willingness of farmers to be compensated for the human activity restrictions in ecological protection red line areas,this study divided the decision-making process into two stages:willingness to accept compensation and the compensation amount.Based on Bourdieu’s social practice theory,this paper constructed a theoretical analysis framework of capital and willingness to accept compensation.Using the micro survey data of ecological protection red line areas in four counties(districts) of Jiangxi Province and Hubei Province,this paper empirically analyzed the impact of capital on farmers’ willingness to accept compensation for human activity restrictions in ecological protection red line areas by using the Double-Hurdle Model.The results showed that:(1) Effective compensation incentive to human activity restrictions should not be lower than the average willingness of farmers to be compensated,and the compensation standard of corresponding survey area should not be lower than RMB 2 300/household/year.(2) Economic capital had a significant positive impact on the willingness to accept compensation and the amount of compensation.Factors such as the proportion of agricultural income,population burden ratio and housing structure had a positive impact on the willingness to accept compensation,while the number of labor force and per capita cultivated land area had a positive impact on the amount of compensation.(3) The influence of cultural capital on the willingness to accept compensation for human activity restrictions was uncertain,but it had a significant negative impact on the amount of compensation.Factors such as the participation of village collective activities had a positive impact on the willingness to accept compensation,and the experience of working outside had a negative impact on the willingness to accept compensation and the amount of compensation.(4) Social capital had a significant positive impact on the willingness to accept compensation for human activity restrictions,but its impact on the amount of compensation was uncertain.Factors such as the degree of trust for village officials and strangers had a positive impact on willingness to accept compensation,the degree of trust for neighbors and loan difficulties had a negative impact on the amount of compensation,and the number of mobile phone contacts and social reputation had a positive impact on the amount of compensation.Therefore,in the future design of eco-compensation mechanism in the ecological protection red line areas,it is necessary to promote the policy of compensation for human activity restrictions by layers and stages,and pay full attention to the impact of farmers’ economic capital,cultural capital and social capital on their willingness to be compensated for human activities restrictions.