湖南省水田占补平衡政策实施绩效评价

Performance Evaluation on the Policy of Balancing Paddy Field Occupation and Reclamation in Hunan Province

研究目的:分析2014年水田占补平衡政策实施以来湖南省水田数量和质量变化情况,评价水田占补平衡政策实施绩效,为完善水田占补平衡机制提供政策建议。研究方法:对比分析法、统计分析法、空间分析法。研究结果:(1)2014—2018年湖南省未实现水田占补数量平衡,但水田占补差距由政策实施前期的228.01 km^(2)大幅缩减至43.37 km^(2),“旱改水”成为水田补充的主要来源,其对水田补充的贡献率提高了14倍;(2)2014—2018年湖南省实现了水田占补质量总体平衡,但相比政策实施前,水田占补整体质量的提升趋势减缓。2014—2018年湖南省补充水田与建设占用水田的质量指数差距为1.37,仅为2009—2013年的35.3%。研究结论:水田占补平衡政策有效缩减了湖南省水田占补的数量差距,提升了水田占补的整体质量,但是质量提升趋势有所减缓。建议建立水田分区管控方法,严格控制优质水田的占用,进一步加大“旱改水”、高标准农田建设等全域国土综合整治力度,提升水田的数量和质量;此外,应加强立法规范“旱改水”行为,推动建立水田占补生态平衡机制,以确保区域社会—经济—生态可持续发展。

The purposes of this paper are to analyze the changes in paddy field quantity and quality in Hunan Province before and after the implementation of the policy of balancing paddy field occupation and reclamationand to evaluate the performance of the policy and to propose the measures for improving the mechanism for balancing paddy field occupation and reclamation.The research methods of comparative analysis,statistic analysis and spatial analysis are used.The result shows that:1)the quantity balance of paddy field occupation and reclamation failed to be achieved in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2018,but the quantity gap was greatly reduced from 228.01 km^(2) to 43.37 km^(2).“Dryland converted to paddy field”was the main source of paddy field supplement,and its contribution rate increased by 14 times.2)From 2014 to 2018,the quality balance of paddy field occupation and reclamation was realized,but the improvement trend of the overall quality of paddy fields slowed down compared with that before the implementation of the policy.The difference in quality index between paddy fields occupation and reclamation from 2014 to 2018 was 1.37,which was 35.3%that of paddy fields from 2009 to 2013.In conclusion,the policy of balancing paddy field occupation and reclamation has effectively reduced the quantity gap and improved the overall quality of paddy fields occupation and reclamation in Hunan Province,but the quality improvement trend has slowed down.It is recommended to adopt a zoning scheme strictly to control the occupation of high-quality paddy fields,further strengthen the dryland converting to paddy field and highstandard farmland construction,so as to improve the quantity and quality of paddy field.In addition,legislation should be strengthened to regulate the dryland change to paddy field,to promote the establishment of an ecological balance mechanism for the occupation and reclamation of paddy field,so as to ensure the sustainable development of regional socio-economic-ecological systems.