企业技术创新中决策权配置对创新效率的影响

Influence of decision-making power allocation on innovation efficiency in enterprise technology innovation

为揭示企业中由产品知识创造代理引起的创新决策权配置对技术创新效率的影响,在深入分析产品知识体系和产品知识创造维度的基础上,研究了始于个人默会知识的组织知识创造机理;在明确技术创新与产品知识创造的关系后,进一步探讨了组织知识创造的代理问题,并基于此揭示了企业技术创新效率与创新决策权位置的关系。研究认为:由于产品知识体系由核心知识、辅助知识和外围知识构成,产品知识创造既有改善产品核心知识或辅助知识的功能维度,又有将默会知识转换为形式知识的默会认知维度;个人默会知识始于其为解决问题而检索相应知识所形成的知识集群,其基础是默会知识集群;默会知识集群在个人优化产品功能的努力中不断默会地融合和重塑,最终形成作为SECI模型起点的默会知识;产品知识创造是创新的离线决策阶段,由于默会知识难以转移、产品知识创造过程难以复制和转移,创新效率的高低与产品知识创造代理的组织层级位置密切相关;有效率的技术创新应当考虑将创新决策权向知识主体或知识创造主体转移;创新决策权转移的最佳位置取决于知识创造的代理成本及缺乏知识或知识创造下决策有效性所导致的成本之总和。

In order to reveal the effect of innovation decision-making power allocation on efficiency of technology innovation caused by the agency of product knowledge creation in enterprises,this paper studies the mechanism of organizational knowledge creation starting from personal tacit knowledge on the basis of in-depth analysis of product knowledge system and the dimensions of product knowledge creation.After clarifying the relationship between technological innovation and product knowledge creation,it further explores the agency problem of organizational knowledge creation and reveals the relationship between the enterprises efficiency of technology innovation and the position of innovation decision-making power.The results show that the product knowledge system consists of core knowledge,auxiliary knowledge and peripheral knowledge.Product knowledge creation has both the functional dimension of improving product core knowledge or auxiliary knowledge and the tacit cognitive dimension of transforming tacit knowledge into formal knowledge.Personal tacit knowledge starts from the knowledge cluster formed by searching corresponding knowledge for solving problems,which is based on tacit knowledge cluster.The tacit knowledge cluster is constantly merged and remade tacitly in the personal effort to optimize the product function,and finally forms the tacit knowledge as the starting point of the SECI model.As tacit knowledge is difficult to transfer and the process of product knowledge creation is difficult to copy and transfer,and the innovation efficiency is closely related to the organizational position of product knowledge creation agency,effective technology innovation should consider the transfer of innovation decision-making power to knowledge or knowledge creation subjects.The optimal position of the transfer of innovation decision-making power depends on the sum of the agency cost of knowledge creation and the cost of decision effectiveness due to lack of knowledge or knowledge creation.