童年家庭功能障碍对老年人抑郁倾向的影响贡献、累积效应与作用机制

Childhood family dysfunction and depression in the elderly:Impact contribution,cumulative effect and influence mechanism

目的:探讨童年家庭功能障碍与老年人抑郁倾向的关系及相对贡献,累积效应、作用机制。方法:依据中国健康与养老追踪调查2014、2018年数据,使用Shapley值分解方法,分析老年人抑郁倾向在生命早期阶段的重要影响因素,利用中介和调节效应分析,研究成年期社会经济地位、童年期家庭功能障碍与老年期抑郁倾向之间的关系。结果:童年女抚养人长期卧病、女抚养人身体残疾、女抚养人精神失常、被母亲打、被父亲打、父母经常吵架、父亲打母亲对老年人抑郁倾向均产生正向影响;童年女抚养人长期卧病对老年人抑郁倾向的相对贡献程度最大,其次是童年父亲打母亲,再次是童年女抚养人精神失常;童年家庭功能障碍对老年人抑郁倾向存在累积效应,童年家庭功能障碍的种类数越多,老年的抑郁倾向越严重;童年家庭功能障碍种类数可以通过社会经济地位影响老年人抑郁倾向的程度;随着受教育年限的增加,童年家庭功能障碍种类数对老年人抑郁情绪的影响将会弱化。结论:老年人时期心理健康水平与其童年期家庭功能的正常发挥与否密不可分,因此,有必要对遭遇家庭功能障碍处境的儿童提供有效的帮扶措施。

Objective:To explore the impact of childhood family dysfunction to the elderly depression tendency,and its relative contribution,cumulative effect and mechanisms.Methods:Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey in 2014 and 2018,Shapley value decomposition method was used to identify the key impact factors of the elderly depression tendency in people’s early life stage.Mediation and moderating effect analysis were used to study the relationship among adult socioeconomic status,childhood family dysfunction and the elderly depression tendency.Results:long-term bedridden,physical disability and mental disorder of female caregiver,parent’s violent treatment,witnessing frequent quarrel between parents,and domestic violence of father towards mother during one’s childhood all had positive effects on the elderly depression tendency.Long-term bedridden of childhood female caregiver had the greatest contribution to the elderly depression tendency,which was followed by the witness of domestic violence of father towards mother,and then the mental disorder of childhood female caregiver.A cumulative effect of childhood family dysfunction was found on the elderly depression tendency:the more types of childhood family dysfunctions experienced,the more serious the elderly depression tendency.The number of types of family dysfunction in childhood can affect the degree of the elderly depression tendency via socioeconomic status.Furthermore,an increase in the number of years of education would weaken the impact of the number of childhood family dysfunction types on the elderly depression tendency.Conclusions:Ensuring the normal functioning of childhood family should be key to improving the mental health of the elderly.It is recommended that effective assistance should be provided to children experiencing family dysfunctions,so as to alleviate their future depression tendency in the the elderly.