经济正义视角下数据确权原则的建构性阐释

A Constructive Interpretation of the Principle of Data Right Confirmation from the Perspective of Economics of Justice

数字经济是一种全新的经济形态,数据确权原则无疑是其中最本质、最根本的问题。中国正在经历一场从脱贫致富迈向共同富裕的重大政策变革,数字经济缺乏的不是经济效率,而是社会的公平正义。因此,数据确权原则的建构,应当在坚持以人民为中心的发展理念的指导下、共同富裕的发展战略部署下展开,以承载更高的价值追求。当前,不少研究机械地套用科斯定理,基于效率原则主张将数据确权于平台,这必然会进一步扩大数字鸿沟与财富鸿沟。努力实现经济正义是中国经济发展的价值取向,这将必然成为数据确权原则的逻辑起点。数据是消费者的数据,把数据赋权于消费者个人,是经济正义的内在要求。数据的非竞争性也使权能分离得以可能,只要满足平台的数据获取和使用需求,消费者数据产权不仅不会降低数据效率,反而有利于促进财富最大化,更重要的是能够实现全社会的公平正义。因此",政府监管、个人所有、平台使用"理应是我国数据确权的最优选择。

Digital economy is a new economic form,in which the principle of data right confirmation is undoubtedly the most essential and fundamental issue.China is undergoing a major directional change from becoming rich to common prosperity.What digital economy lacks is not economic efficiency,but social fairness and justice.Therefore,the construction of the principle of data right confirmation should be carried out under the development concept of taking the people as the center and the development strategy of common prosperity,so as to carry the pursuit of higher value.At present,many studies apply the Coase theorem mechanically,advocating that the data is confirmed based on the principle of efficiency,which will inevitably further expand the digital gap and the wealth gap.Economic justice is the value orientation of China’s economic development,which will inevitably become the logical starting point for the principle of data right confirmation.Data is consumers ’data,and empowering consumers is an inevitable inherent requirement of economic justice.The nonrivalry of data also makes it possible to separate powers and functions.As long as the data access and data use of the platform are met,consumers-own-data property will not only reduce data efficiency,but also promote wealth maximization.More importantly,it can achieve the whole social fairness and justice.Therefore,"government regulation,personal ownership,and platform use" should be the optimal choice for data right confirmation.