晚清热河避暑山庄河工考述

Study on the Jehol River Engineering of the Mountain Resort in Late Qing Dynasty

避暑山庄与热河河工息息相关。利用档案资料系统地考证了清代热河河工舆图"热河城外河山图"的具体绘制时间与作者,并对于其所绘信息进行了解析。全面识读并分析了刊刻于1888年的热河河工碑碣——"避暑山庄宫墙及武列河堤坝各工程碑""武列河西崖大坝岁修章程碑"。梳理了该河工舆图、碑碣所记载的河工始末,1884—1888年先后2期的河工工程是晚清热河河工之最,并对晚清热河河工工程做了评述。晚清热河河工的考述有助于全面、深刻认识避暑山庄这一经典园林,也于当代涉水实践有启示意义。

The Mountain Resort is closely related to the river engineering of Jehol.Based on the archival materials,this paper interprets the specific drawing time and author of the Map of Rivers and Mountains outside Jehol.It comprehensively read and analyzed the river engineering tablets inscribed in 1888–the"Palace Wall of Mountain Resort and Various Works of Wuli River Embankment"and the"Year Maintenance Statute of Wuli River Xiya Dam".The river engineering project including two phases from 1884 to 1888 were the most expensive one of Jehol in the late Qing Dynasty.This paper sorts out the historical experience and defects of Jehol river engineering system in late Qing Dynasty,and comments on the effect of the largest river engineering project of Jehol in late Qing Dynasty.It is not only helpful to have a comprehensive understanding of the Mountain Resort,but also useful for water-related practices nowadays.