呼吸式滚揉腌制对中式酱牛肉挥发性物质的影响

Effects of breathing tumbling on volatile substances of Chinese soy-sauced beef

目的:改进中式酱牛肉生产工艺、产品风味等。方法:对比传统静态腌制,利用固相微萃取—气相色谱—质谱技术(SPME/GC-MS)分析呼吸式滚揉腌制对酱牛肉挥发性成分的影响。结果:呼吸式滚揉腌制加工的酱牛肉与传统静态的主要香气成分一致,均是以醛类、烃类、醇类、酯类和酮类为主,其中各类代表物质分别为苯甲醛、茴香烯、桉树醇、乙酸丁香酚酯和2-丁酮。挥发性物质在种类和相对含量上存在一定差异,其中烃类物质在数量上显著高于其他物质,传统静态腌制加工酱牛肉中含有23种烃类物质,经呼吸式滚揉腌制的酱牛肉烃类物质种类显著低于对照组,仅为11种;醛类作为酱牛肉中主要风味来源其相对含量显著高于其他物质,2种腌制方式中分别为37.48%,34.28%。酱牛肉中醇类物质主要来源于香辛调味料;呼吸式滚揉腌制使得酱牛肉中酯类物质增加,其相对含量也随之增加;GC-MS分析结果显示,由呼吸式滚揉腌制与传统静态腌制加工的酱牛肉香气特征具有显著性差异。结论:SPME/GC-MS可以较好地分析比较不同腌制方式加工酱牛肉的挥发性物质。

Objective: This study aimed to improve the production technology and flavor of Chinese beef sauce. Methods: Compared with traditional static curing, the effects of breathing rolling curing on volatile components of beef were analyzed by SPME/GC-MS. Results: The main aroma components of the beef in breathing rolling and curing process were the same as those in traditional static state, which were mainly aldehydes, hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters and ketones, among which the representative substances were benzaldehyde, anisene, cineol, eugenol acetate and 2-butanone. There were some differences in the types and relative contents of volatile substances, among which the number of hydrocarbons was significantly higher than that of other substances. There were 23 kinds of hydrocarbons in the traditional static pickled beef, and only 11 kinds of hydrocarbons in the breathing rolling pickled beef were significantly lower than that in the control group. The relative content of aldehydes, as the main flavor source of the sauce beef, was significantly higher than that of other substances, which were 37.48% and 34.28% in the two curing methods, respectively. The alcohols in soy beef mainly come from spicy seasoning. The ester compounds in beef were increased and their relative contents were also increased with the breathing rolling and kneading curing. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that there was significant difference between the aroma characteristics of the beef processed by breathing rolling curing and traditional static curing. Conclusion: SPME/GC-MS can be used to analyze and compare volatile substances in beef with different curing methods.