一种有效的元认知线索:变化的时间规律性

An effective metacognitive cue:Temporal regularity of change

研究采用数数范式,通过三个实验分别探究在熟练的多步骤任务中变化的时间规律性能否作为一种元认知线索。实验1为单因素(变化的时间规律性:递增变化的时间规律性、递减变化的时间规律性、无时间规律性)被试间设计;实验2增加一组更快的递增变化的时间规律性来进一步探究变化的时间规律性作为元认知线索是否依赖于对实际错误的认识;实验3比较变化的时间规律性和一致的时间规律性作为元认知线索的有效性程度。结果发现:变化的时间规律性的自信判断值都显著高于无时间规律性,递增变化的时间规律性的正确率显著高于递减变化的时间规律性和无时间规律性。更快的递增变化时间规律性出现自信判断和正确率分离。递增变化的时间规律性显示了最高的自信判断值和正确率,其次是一致的时间规律性,而递减变化的时间规律性最低。这表明,变化的时间规律性能够作为元认知线索,且相比一致的时间规律性和递减变化的时间规律性,递增变化的时间规律性作为元认知线索的有效性更高。

Three experiments were conducted to investigate whether the temporal regularity of change in a skilled multistep task could be used as a metacognitive cue.Experiment 1 was a single factor design(time regularity of change:time regularity of increasing change,time regularity of decreasing change,no time regularity);Experiment 2 added a faster time regularity of increasing change group to further explore whether time regularity of change as a metacognitive cue depends on the recognition of actual errors.Experiment 3 compared the effectiveness of time regularity of change and consistent time regularity as metacognitive cues.The results showed that confidence judgment in time regularity of change was significantly higher than that in no time regularity.Accuracy in time regularity of increasing change was significantly higher than that in time regularity of decreasing change and no time regularity.Faster time regularity of increasing change appeared to separate confidence judgments from accuracy.Time regularity of increasing change had the highest confidence judgment and accuracy,followed by consistent time regularity,and time regularity of decreasing change was the worst.We believe that time regularity of change can be used as a metacognitive cue,and time regularity of increasing change can be used as a metacognitive cue better than consistent time regularity and time regularity of decreasing change.