健康影响评估制度的理论演进、评价方法与实现路径

Theoretical evolution,evaluation method and realization path of health impact assessment system

健康影响评估是判断政策、规划、计划和项目对人群健康潜在影响及其影响分布的程序、方法和工具。许多国家将其作为推动“健康融入所有政策”的有效治理工具。新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情对我国政府治理体系和治理能力提出巨大挑战,突显卫生健康对国民经济的重要影响,突显构建健康优先治理体系的紧迫要求。我国《基本医疗卫生与健康促进法》明确提出建立健康影响评估制度。文章通过文献梳理国际上部分国家健康影响评估的历史发展脉络、比较分析不同国家的发展模式、方法和实现路径,结合我国国情,提出进一步建设中国健康影响评估制度的建议。

Health impact assessment(HIA)is the procedure,method and tool of judging the policy,program,plan and project for potential influences of population health and influence distribution.Many countries say it is an effective governance promotion tool of“integration health and policies”.COVID-19 epidemic comes up with great challenge to China's administrative system and governance ability,reflects significant influence of health on the national economy,and the urgent requirement of the establishment of a health priority management system.“Basic Medical and Health Promotion Act”clearly puts forward that set up HIA system.By reviewing historical development stages of HIA in some countries,and comparing the development models,methods and realization path in different countries,combining with China's national situation,this article proposes relevant suggestions for further building Chinese HIA system.