学习机会视角下的问题提出教学意蕴与实施路径

Problem-Posing Instruction and Its Implementation from the Perspective of Learning Opportunities

学生学习发展很大程度上取决并受限于学生所获得的学习机会,学习机会大小是影响教育质量的重要因素。问题提出教学是培养学生思维能力、创新能力、学习能力的重要途径。学习机会是问题提出教学的重要基础与独特价值。学习机会视角下,问题提出教学意蕴是指在学习机会公平化的前提下,促进每位学生学习机会的最大化与多元化,以保障个体未来社会生活中学习机会的再创造与学习发展。为促进问题提出教学的有效落实,教师在问题提出任务设计中应结合学生学习目标创设适切的任务,在教学过程中注重学生课堂参与和社会互动,尽可能创造更多高质量的学习机会;在机会分配过程中采用“风险公平”原则,以扩大学生的整体性“收益”;注重多元课堂教学评价方式,努力让每个学生都有出彩的机会。

Students’learning and development are ultimately determined and constrained by the learning opportunities they have had.The quality of learning opportunities is closely related to the quality of instruction.Problem-posing as an instructional approach can cultivate students’development of abilities,such as,thinking and creativity.Learning opportunity is the foundation for showing the value of problem-posing instruction.In this paper,we argued that the significance and value of the problemposing instruction are to maximize learning opportunities for all students,and promote the equity,maximization,diversification and recreation of learning opportunities.In order to promote the effective implementation in problem-posing instruction,teachers should create appropriate problem-posing tasks according to student learning goals;use the principle of“risk fairness”to provide learning opportunities“benefits”for all students;and apply diverse classroom assessment methods,so as to strive to give every student a chance to shine.