从理论性到物质性的身体——苏珊·鲍尔多女性身体研究述评

From Theoretical Body to Material Body:Development of Susan Bordo’s Female Body Studies

美国女性主义研究者苏珊·鲍尔多构建的女性身体理论将身体作为三个层面加以解读:身体作为思维方式,权力场所和斗争工具。她在三个层面分别批判笛卡尔、继承福柯和修正巴特勒,以此建立了一套重视身体物质性,结合女性身体经验、身体感受和具体社会语境的身体研究思路,并将这一思路运用于包括女性饮食、身体失调、女权运动等文化现象的分析。鲍尔多对身体物质性的重视是对后现代女性主义理论文本主义问题的一次修正,也矫正了女性“身体写作”放纵身体的问题。然而,鲍尔多的理论也存在过分强调女性个体特殊性、过分注重身体经验而消解理论的局限性。

Susan Bordo interpreted body from the perspectives of thinking mode,power place and struggle weapon.She criticized Descartes,inherited ideas from Foucault,revised some opinions of Butler,and built a research approach which highlights the materiality of body and focuses on female body experiences,feelings and social contexts to analyze the cultural phenomena of female diet,body imbalance,feminist movements,and so on.Bordo’s emphasis on the materiality of body is a revision of postmodern feminist textualism and permissivism in the female body writing.However,Bordo’s theories are limited because they overemphasized the particularity of women and body experiences and dissolved theories.