我国中小学减负政策的基本共识与发展趋势

Basic Consensuses and Development Trends of Student Burden Reduction Policy in China’s Primary and Secondary Schools

新中国成立以来,我国减负政策经历了以防止身体过劳、纠正片面追求升学率、取消重点校制度、规范校外培训为侧重点的四个时期。分析四个时期的减负政策可以发现,升学压力是学生负担过重的主要原因,保障学生身心健康发展是减负政策的根本目的,调整优化学生负担结构是减负政策的核心内容,教育行政部门和学校是减负政策的主要执行主体等四个基本共识。在回顾减负政策历史演进和分析四个时期减负政策基本共识的基础上,可以发现减负政策呈现出新的发展趋势,教育生态从升学导向转向素质导向,学生负担结构从单一转向多元,政策执行主体从教育内部为主转向内外联合,政策思维方式从标准化转向差异化。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,student burden reduction policy has gone through four periods:focusing on preventing physical overwork,correcting single-sided pursuit of enrollment rate,canceling the key school system,and standardizing after-school training.By analyzing the burden reduction policies in the four periods,four basic consensuses can be found:(1)the pressure to enter a higher school is the main reason for students’overburden;(2)to ensure students’physical and mental health development is the fundamental purpose of the student burden reduction policy;(3)to optimize student burden structure is the core content of the student burden reduction policy;and(4)education administrative departments and schools are the main executive subjects of the student burden reduction policy.Based on the review of the historical evolution of the student burden reduction policy and the analysis of the basic consensuses of the student burden reduction policy in the four periods,it can be found that the student burden reduction policy presents new development trends,including:(1)the educational ecology is changing from the orientation of entering a higher school to the orientation of quality education;(2)the student burden structure is changing from single to multiple;(3)policy implementation subjects are changing from the subjects within education system to both the subjects within education system and other subjects outside education system;and(4)the way of policy thinking is changing from standardization to differentiation.