长曝光摄影测量在隧道地质及空间测绘中的应用

Application of Long Exposure Photogrammetry in Tunnel Geology and Spatial Mapping

隧道断面测量常采用全站仪或激光扫描仪进行,二者均利用设备发射激光以极坐标法测量,设备昂贵,且只能获取洞身表面轮廓数据,无法记录地质信息和爆破参数,在烟尘、富水环境下激光散射严重,信号返回率低。而掌子面地质测量则仍停留在地质素描或局部平面影像留存阶段,地质编录主观影响大,地质情况整体追溯性不强。"为测断面而测断面"实质上忽略了隧道的地质属性,仅追求洞身轮廓的测量精度而忽略地质因素、爆破参数的制衡,在光面爆破施工中只是被动的权宜之计。本技术将长曝光摄影和近景倾斜摄影测量相结合,在测量洞身轮廓的同时记录三维地质信息,对于准确掌握地质信息、优化爆破参数、改善光面爆破效果、控制材料超耗具有重要意义。

Total station or laser scanner are often used for tunnel section measurement.Both of them are measured by polar coordinate method with equipment emitting laser.The equipment is expensive.It can only obtain the surface contour data of tunnel body,and can not record geological information and blasting parameters.In the environment of smoke and water,the laser scattering is serious and the signal return rate is low.The geological survey of the tunnel face is still in the stage of geological sketch or local plane image retention,the subjective influence of geological logging is large,and the overall traceability of geological conditions is not strong.“Measuring the section for the purpose of measuring the section”essentially ignores the geological attribute of the tunnel,only pursues the measurement accuracy of the tunnel body contour and ignores the check and balance of geological factors and blasting parameters.It is only a passive expedient in smooth blasting construction.This technology combines long exposure photography and close range tilt photogrammetry to measure the tunnel body contour and record three-dimensional geological information,which is of great significance for accurately mastering geological information,optimizing blasting parameters,improving smooth blasting effect and controlling material consumption.