汉代在文章样式重大主题方面确立的范型

The Establishment of the Patterns and Major Themes of Ancient Articles in the Han Dynasty

汉代所确立的文章样式范型,是在继承战国文学已有成果基础上实现的。设辞是由无韵无题的短章发展为有韵有题之鸿文,九体是从章无标题演变为章末缀目,七体是铺陈对象由变数凝固为常量,连珠、先文后诗的文章样式则是由浑然一体演化为剥离成文。汉代确立的重大文章主题有八种,分为四组,依次是悲士不遇与圣主得贤臣颂、盛世颂歌与刺世疾邪、立言不朽与激赏使者边功、灾异示祸与符瑞显德。这几种重大文章主题之间存在逻辑关联,彼此构成因果关系、依存关系、两极互补关系三种类型。

The model of article patterns established in the Han Dynasty was realized on the basis of inheriting the achievements of literature in the Warring States period. "Set words" is an article style composed of questions and answers, which develops from a short article without rhyme and title to a great article with rhyme and title."Jiuti"is a style that evolves from an article without a title to a title at the end of the article."Qiti"is a style of presenting objects from variables to constants. The article styles of "Lianzhu style" and "text before poetry" are separated from the article style of integrated style to form an independent article. There are eight major themes established in the Han Dynasty, which are divided into four groups: lamenting that scholars do not meet virtuous kings and praising the Lord to get virtuous officials;eulogizing the prosperous age and criticizing the secular society ironically;through writing books to realize the immortality of life value and encourage soldiers to make military contributions to the frontier fortress;natural disasters and anomalies are used to show man-made disasters and natural auspicious signs to show the holy virtue of rulers. There is a logical connection between these major article themes, which constitute three types of causality, dependency and bipolar complementarity.