野生珠芽蓼群落生物学特性与药材品质对海拔和坡向的响应

Response of Biological Characteristics and Medicinal Quality of Wild Polygonum viviparum Community to Altitude and Aspect

目的研究典型生态环境对珠芽蓼生物学特性及药材品质的影响,为高品质珠芽蓼药材生产模式及资源可持续利用与开发奠定基础。方法通过样方调查对3个海拔、2个坡向样地的生态环境特征、种群结构,植物多样性以及珠芽蓼的生物学特征进行测定与统计分析;分别采用烘干法与灼烧失量法测定土壤水分含量与土壤有机质含量。对珠芽蓼性状指标进行测量并采用高效液相色谱法对其主要药效成分没食子酸和绿原酸的含量进行测定。结果珠芽蓼群落物种丰富度呈现低海拔>高海拔,阴坡向>阳坡向的趋势。珠芽蓼在群落中的优势度表现为阴坡向>阳坡向,其中阴坡向随海拔升高呈增大趋势,阳坡向与阴坡向基本一致。植株表型指标随海拔的增高而减小,但药材综合质量则表现为高海拔地区优于低海拔地区。相关性分析表明海拔和坡向对珠芽蓼群落生物学特性与药材品质具有显著的影响,坡向、水分含量、有机质含量和海拔是影响珠芽蓼生物性状的关键生态因子,海拔、生态类型、砂石含量、水分含量和坡向是影响珠芽蓼药材品质的关键生态因子(P<0.01,P<0.05),鲜重、地下干物质量和群落植物多样性是影响珠芽蓼药材品质的关键生物学因子。结论珠芽蓼对海拔和坡向具有一定的选择性,阴坡更适宜珠芽蓼的生长与繁衍,高海拔地区药材质量相对较佳,但种群密度过大则容易滋生病害,同时生长年限过长会造成药用部位枯死炭化。

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of typical habitats on the biological characteristics and quality of Polygonum viviparum, and lay a foundation for high-quality agricultural production mode of Radix Polygoni vivipari and sustainable development and utilization of this medicinal resource. METHODS The habitat characteristics, population structure, plant diversity and biological characteristics of Polygonum viviparum in three altitudes and two aspect directions were measured and statistically analyzed. Moreover, the soil moisture content was measured by drying method, and the soil organic matter content was determined by loss on ignition method. Meanwhile, the characteristic data of Polygonum viviparum was measured and the mainly effective components, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid, were detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). RESULTS The species richness of Polygonum viviparum community tended to be higher in low altitude than in high altitude, meanwhile higher in shady aspect than in sunny aspect;the trend of dominance degree of Polygonum viviparum in the group was greater in shady aspect than in sunny aspect, and the dominence degree in shady aspect increased with the ascent of altitude, the same as the sunny aspect;the plant phenotypic indexes decreased with the ascent of altitude but in contrast the comprehensive quality of medicinal materials in high altitude area was better than in low altitude area. Correlation analysis showed that altitude and aspect had significant effects on the biological characteristics and medicinal quality of Polygonum viviparum community. Aspect, moisture content, organic matter content and altitude were the key ecological factors affecting the biological characteristics of Polygonum viviparum. Altitude, ecotype, sand and stone content, moisture content and aspect were the crucial ecological factors affecting the quality of Polygonum viviparum, fresh weight and underground dry matter quantity and community plant diversity played an important biological role in affecting the quality of Polygonum viviparum(P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Polygonum viviparum has certain selectivity to altitude and aspect, and shady aspect is more suitable for the growth and reproduction of Polygonum viviparum. The quality of medicinal materials in high altitude area is relatively better, but higher population density will cause diseases more easily. In addition, if the growth period is too long, the medicinal parts will wither and charring thus the cultivation period in production should be well controlled.